Forming process waste sources

The water source and the site where the water is used are frequently separated by some distance. Even if they aren t, having water at the usage site does not automatically guarantee water flow from faucets, spray from showers, or a full toilet bowl. If we want this capability, then the water must be processed into useful form. Processing water involves as many as four functions (Fig. 5 and Sidebar C). The standard utility-powered water system based around the submersible pump performs these functions simnl-taneously. While this is convenient, it is also wasteful and inappropriate. Each function is distinct. A good water system acknowledges the differences in functions and accommodates their virtues individually. The explo-... 

The low and intermediate level wastes that may be processed in an incineration facility are produced in different forms and are of different origins (e.g. from the operation, maintenance, modification and decommissioning of nuclear reactor facilities, from spent fuel reprocessing plants, from nuclear research laboratories, from hospital laboratories). Additional information on waste sources and characteristics is provided in Annex I. The radiological characteristics of the incinerator waste feed may vary considerably, and the wastes may be divided into three main categories ... 

Hazardous-waste chemicals can enter the atmosphere by evaporation from hazardous-waste sites, by wind erosion, or by direct release. Hazardous-waste chemicals usually are not evolved in large enough quantities to produce secondary air pollutants. (Secondary air pollutants are formed by chemical processes in the atmosphere. Examples are sulfuric acid formed from emissions of sulfur oxides and oxidizing photochemical smog formed under sunny conditions from nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons.) Therefore, species from hazardous-waste sources are usually of most concern in the atmosphere as primary pollutants emitted in localized areas at a... 

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