Waste processing facilities

Generally, recyclables are either coUected at curbside or deposited by consumers at various types of drop-off locations, such as local recycling centers, community service clubs, dealers, and commercial buyback centers. Curbside coUections of recyclables can be accompUshed either in conjunction with the pickup of aU MSW or as a separate activity. Co-coUection systems range from complete commingling of aU waste for later separation at a mixed waste processing facility to transporting essentially source-separated recyclables in the same tmck as MSW. 

Over 5001 of HLW have been vitrified in France and Germany. In the USA, the HLW at the Nuclear Fuel Services plant in West Valley Plant, New York, have been vitrified (300 two-ton canisters) and vitrification is ongoing at the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) at Savannah River, South Carolina 1600 canisters by February 2004). A vitrification plant is under construction at Hanford, Washington. Vitrification of all of the HLW in the USA will generate approximately 20 000 canisters, which are destined for disposal at the geological repository at Yucca Mountain. 

Type R7/T7 (SON 68) SRL-165 (Defence Waste Processing Facility) ATM-10 (West Valley Demonstration Project) Borobasall Na- aluminnphosphate glass... 

Catalytic Control of VOC Emissions, A. Cost Effective Viable Technology for Industrial, Commercial and Waste Processing Facilities, Manufacturers of Emission Controls Association, Washington, D.C., 1992. 

In 2001, the SRS announced its choice of CSSX as the baseline cesium-removal technology over small-tank precipitation (a small-scale version of the ITP process) and ion exchange with CST for its Salt Waste Processing Facility (SWPF) to go into operation in 2010 [22], An optimized solvent system, model, and flowsheet were developed and demonstrated in 2001 and 2002 [37,49], and a modular concept was developed by ORNL in 2003 [68], Thus, the past decade has seen the emergence and maturation of a powerful new technology based on a macrocyclic cation receptor designed to function in solvent extraction to meet the critical need of the USDOE for a means of cleanly separating Cs from alkaline tank waste. 

Figure 3. CSSX baseline solvent for the Salt Waste Processing Facility (SWPF) application at the Savannah River Site (SRS) [49],...

To date implementation of the module facility complex is hindered by lack of legally accepted procedure of standard justification of such-type technologies. Only standard documentation concerning stationary radioactive waste processing facilities at NPPs has been developed so far. There is urgent need of developing standard documentation especially for mobile module facilities. 

W.L. Ebert, S.F. Wolf, and J.K. Bates, The release of technetium from defense waste processing facility glasses, Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., 412 (1996) 221-227. 

More recently, tolling companies have been specifically formed to accept waste materials and industrial by-products for conversion into secondary raw materials. Waste processing facilities are set up in many countries in central or otherwise strategic locations at which, by combining the materials from different sources, large installations can be fed and maintained, thus lowering the conversion costs per unit mass. Municipal refuse combustion plants are typical examples in which agglomeration may... 

High-level radioactive waste (HLW) will be converted from an alkaline slurry to a durable borosilicate glass in the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) at the Savannah River Plant (SRP) in South Carolina [17]. This waste is the residue from thirty years of reprocessing of irradiated nuclear fuels for national defense purposes and is currently stored in large carbon-steel tanks. 

Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) Process Description Overview of DWPF Process, DPSOP 257-8, Pan 2, Item 100, Rev. 5, pp. 1-6 (1989). 

Central or Communist Independent States French Nuclear Power company Independent Scientific Committee Cooperative Threat Reduction Program Department of Energy derivative binned information trending tool French nuclear safety authority Defense Waste Processing Facility (US)... 

Nevertheless, a number of mixed waste processing facilities (MWPFs) were built during the 1990s, with the total number in operation in the United States reaching 63 in 1997. By 2000, many of these had been closed, so the number was down to 52, with more closures forecast. Capital costs were often higher than anticipated, recovery rates were lower, and there were difficulties in operation. Some MWPFs changed to MRFs because of these difficulties. More than half of all U.S. MWPFs in 2000 were located in the western states, mostly in California. These facilities generally handle yard waste and construction and demolition debris in addition to municipal waste. ... 

Streams on the SRS site may overflow from a local intense predpitation. A studytvas performed for Defense Waste Processing Facility WPF) which is within S miles of K-, L, and P-Reactors and on similar terrain. The 6 hour, 10 square-mile probable maximum predpitation (PMP) is 31... 

The CSB says a standard developed by the NFPA would provide guidance to prevent the occurrence of fires, explosions, and releases at these types of hazardous waste processing facilities. The Board also urged the ETC to develop its own guidance document for its members on the safe processing, handling and storage of hazardous waste. 

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