Hazardous Waste Treatment Processes

Water Environment Eederation (formerly Water Pollution Control Eederation), Hazardous Waste Treatment Processes, Manual of Practice ED-18, prepared by Task Eorce on Hazardous Waste Treatment, Alexandria, Va., 1990. 

WPCF. Hazardous Waste Treatment Processes Water Pollution Control Federation Alexandria, VA, 1990. 

Librizzi WJ (1990) Hazardous waste treatment processes Including environmental audits and waste reduction. Task Force on Hazardous Waste Treatment, Water Pollution Control Federation, Philadelphia, PA... 

The purpose of chemical processes is not to make chemicals The purpose is to make money. However, the profit must he made as part of a sustainable industrial activity which retains the capacity of ecosystems to support industrial activity and life. This means that process waste must be taken to its practical and economic minimum. Relying on methods of waste treatment is usually not adequate, since waste treatment processes tend not so much to solve the waste problem but simply to move it from one place to another. Sustainable industrial activity also means that energy consumption must be taken to its practical and economic minimum. Chemical processes also must not present significant short-term or long-term hazards, either to the operating personnel or to the community. 

R. E. Hiachee, G. D. Sayles, and R. S. Keen, eds.. Biological Unit Processes for Hazardous Waste Treatment, BatteUe Press, Columbus, Ohio, 1995. 

The surviving U.S. plants have embraced all types of waste treatment processes (see Wastes treatment, hazardous waste Wastes, industrial). The most desired poUution prevention processes are those which reduce the total amount of waste discharged. Treatment and disposal are less strongly emphasized options. Zero wastewater discharge faciHties and water recycling processes are becoming more common (55,56). 

Aqueous Eva.pora.tlon. Aqueous evaporation for hazardous waste treatment can be accompHshed in a closed process vessel that uses steam to evaporate the Hquid into a water vapor, which is ultimately condensed and may be reused, as shown in Figure 5. The concentrated Hquid is coUected for further treatment or disposal. 

Corrective Action Application At a hazardous waste treatment storage and disposal facility in Washington State, a cyanide-bearing waste required treatment. The influent waste stream contained 15 percent cyanide. Electrolytic oxidation was used to reduce the cyanide concentration to less than 5 percent. Alkaline chlorination was used to further reduce the cyanide concentration to 50 mg/1 (the cleanup objective). The electrolytic process was used as a first stage treatment because the heat of reaction, using alkaline chlorination to treat the concentrated cyanide waste, would be so great that it would melt the reactor tank. 

Relying on methods of waste treatment is usually not adequate, since waste treatment processes tend not so much to solve the waste problem but simply to move it from one place to another. Chemical processes also must not present significant short-term or long-term hazards, either to the operating personnel or to the community. 

Waste treatment processes. See also Hazardous waste management Radioactive waste management Solid waste management for radioactive waste, 25 853-854 titanium-related, 25 64-65 Waste vitrification process, 12 616 Wastewater, 9 443. See also Effluent treatment... 

Stanley E. Manahan is a professor of chemistry at the University of Missouri-Columbia, where he has been on the faculty since 1965, and is president of ChemChar Research, Inc., a firm developing nonincinerative thermochemical waste treatment processes. He received his A.B. in chemistry from Emporia State University in 1960 and his Ph.D. in analytical chemistry from the University of Kansas in 1965. Since 1968, his primary research and professional activities have been in environmental chemistry, toxicological chemistry, and waste treatment. He teaches courses on environmental chemistry, hazardous wastes, toxicological chemistry, and analytical chemistry. He has lectured on these topics throughout the United States as an American Chemical Society local section tour speaker, in Puerto Rico, at Hokkaido University in Japan, at the National Autonomous University in Mexico City, and at the University of the Andes in Merida, Venezuela. He was the recipient of the Year 2000 Award of the environmental chemistry division of the Italian Chemical Society. 

Thomson B, Hong GT, Swallow KC, Killilea WR. The MODAR supercritical oxidation process. In Freeman HM, ed. Innovative Hazardous Waste Treatment Technology Series, 1 31 42. 

Waste treatment processes can use liquid-liquid or solvent extraction for removal of hazardous substances. Metal ions can be removed from wastewaters by liquid-liquid extraction processes involving ion exchange. Barium ions can be removed from wastewaters by treatment with a solution of dinonylnaph-thalenesulfonic acid in heptane. 

In addition, this volume examines various hazardous waste treatment/ disposal and minimization/prevention techniques as promising alternatives for sustainable development,by (a) presenting solidification/stabilization treatment processes to immobilize hazardous constituents in wastes by changing... 

EPA. 1990e. Applicability. Standards for Owners and Operators of Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage, and Disposal Facilities. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Subpart AA - Air Emission Standards for Process Vents. Code of Federal Regulations. 40 CFR 264.1030. 

According to the TRI, in 1996, an estimated 750 pounds of asbestos (friable) were released to publicly owned-treatment works (POTWs) by facilities producing, processing, or using asbestos, and an estimated 3.3 million pounds were transferred off-site (TRI96 1999). In 1999, 4.8 million pounds of friable asbestos was transferred off-site, presumably for disposal (TRI99 2001). Starting in 1998, seven new industrial sectors were required to report their releases to the TRI. Asbestos was transferred off-site from only one of these industrial sectors, RCRA hazardous waste treatment and disposal facilities the amount transferred was 2.4 million pounds. 

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