National capacity

While national capacity variances, when needed, are automatically granted to all affected hazardous waste management facilities, the other five exemptions, variances, and extensions require a facility to specifically petition U.S. EPA. 

National capacity variance When developing a treatment standard, U.S. EPA examines the available treatment capacity to determine whether it is sufficient to handle current and future waste management needs. If U.S. EPA determines that nationally there is not enough capacity to treat a waste, it can automatically extend the effective date of the waste s treatment standard. Such an extension to the effective date is intended to give the waste treatment industry more time to develop the capacity to handle the waste. Wastes under a national capacity variance can be disposed of, without meeting the treatment standards, in landfills and surface impoundments that meet minimum technical requirements (e.g., liners, leachate collection and removal systems, and leak detection systems). 

Case-by-case extensions A facility may petition U.S. EPA for a case-by-case extension to delay the effective date of a waste s treatment standard upon showing that capacity does not exist for that particular waste. Similar to national capacity variances, wastes granted case-by-case extensions can be disposed of without meeting the treatment standards in landfills and surface impoundments that meet minimum technical requirements. 

Generators must send a notification with the initial shipment of every waste. If the waste, process, or receiving facility changes, another notification is required. The information that the notification must include varies according to the status of the waste. For example, the notification requirements will differ slightly if the waste meets its treatment standard or is subject to a national capacity variance. 

Since before World War II, multimillion pound quantities of cresols have been produced annually in the United States (O Brochta 1949), and domestic production and sales of cresols have steadily increased in recent years. Approximately 57.3 (USITC 1986), 73.3 (USITC 1988), and 82.3 (USITC 1989) million pounds of cresols were produced annually in the United States in 1986, 1987, and 1988, respectively. Respective sales were 56.6 (USITC 1986), 66.8 (USITC 1988), and 72.1 (USITC 1989) million pounds. These production totals include data on the manufacture of cresylic acid and exclude information on cresol production by coke and gas-retort ovens. The commercial mixture of cresol isomers, in which the m-isomer predominates and contains less than 5% phenol, is sometimes referred to as cresylic acid (Windholz et al. 1983). However, cresylic acids generally are composed of cresols, phenols, and xylenols they are defined as those mixtures in which over 50% will boil at temperatures above 204 C (Sax and Lewis 1987). In 1987, the national capacity for producing cresylics was 208 million pounds per year (CMR 1987). Information regarding the production levels of individual isomers and specific mixtures was unavailable. 

It is based on a multi-disciplinary and multi-stakeholder approach, aiming at involving the different levels of industry, government, academia and the financial sector. NCPCs and NCPPs build on existing structures. They are established in national institutions that are close to industry and can support the build-up of national capacity in Cleaner Production, e.g. universities, industrial chambers and associations, research centres. 

In addition to promulgating the treatment standards for most mixed waste in 1990, EPA established a 2 y National Capacity Variance for mixed waste for which there was no available treatment or... 

The Priorities for Action contained the same main elements for strengthening national capacities as the SAICM Global Plan of Action, even though SAICM contained many more details. 

National capacity for risk management and vuinerabiiity reduction. 

Requests the Secretary-General to continue to ensure the provision of the necessary information and assistance by the United Nations system in order to strengthen the national capacities of developing countries to protect themselves from the consumption and/or sale of banned,... 

Also requests the Secretary-General to continue to provide the necessary technical assistance to developing countries, at their request, for the establishment and/or strengthening of national capacity for managing hazardous chemicals and pharmaceutical products ... 

Early detection and control of chemical attacks depends on a strong and flexible health care system. Efforts by primary health-care providers to detect and respond to chemical terrorism will strengthen the nations capacity for identification and controlling injuries. 

Human resources The national capacity of chemistry graduate students and degree holders. 

Indeed, the whole basis of the Energy and Environment Information System (EEIS), is to support the national capacity to effectively deliver required information to the industrial sector. 

The Third Review Conference underlined that the comprehensive implementation of Article XI reinforces capacity building in each State Party and in doing so reinforces the abdity of States Parties to fully implement the Convention, hr this context, it imderlined the importance of assistance and national capacity building in the field of chemical activities for purposes not prohibited imder the Convention. The Third Review Conference welcomed national and regional efforts in this area. 

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