Waste treatment commercial processes

Work on SCWO process development was performed in the early 1970s and in the 1980s, many of the developments were performed under private contract to industrial or federal agencies. The technology for waste treatment and generation of energy from waste or low grade materials was commercialized by Modar (Natick, Massachusetts). 

Wastes from waste treatment facilities, off-site waste water treatment plants and the water industry Municipal wastes and similar commercial, industrial and institutional wastes including separately collected fractions Waste from agricultural, horticultural, hunting, fishing and aquaculture primary production, food preparation and processing... 

Centrifugation is a well-established liquid-solid separation process popular in commercial and municipal waste treatment facilities. It is usually used to reduce slurry and sludge volumes and to increase the solids concentration in these waste streams. It is a technically and economically competitive process and is commonly used on waste sludges produced from water pollution control systems and on biological sludges produced in industry and municipal treatment facilities. 

All of the process streams that could be treated offsite have compositions similar to waste streams routinely treated by commercial industrial waste treatment facilities. Thus, they could be transported by standard commercial conveyance to commercial facilities that are appropriately permitted to receive the waste. 

The Ecolotree buffer uses phytoremediation, or plant processes, for environmental remediation purposes. Ecolotree buffers can be used to reduce the migration of subsurface water and surface runoff, while also acting as an in situ remediation technique for both organic and heavy-metal contaminants, including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) chlorinated solvents ammunition wastes and excess nutrients in soil or water. The technology is commercially available and has been used at landfill and waste treatment sites. 

Smith Environmental is the owner of the battery waste treatment process (BWTP), a technology that uses washing, liberation, and gravity separation to treat waste from battery wrecking operations. Treatment by the BWTP process typically yields rubber, plastic, and a concentrated lead product. The vendor claims this is a closed-loop system where all water used in the process is recycled. The technology was commercially available and had been used for full-scale cleanups in 1995. RIMS were unable to obtain information from the vendor, so current commercial availability is unknown. 

Source categories residential, commercial and other combustion, industrial processes, extraction distribution of fossil fuels, solvent use, road transport, other mobile sources, waste treatment and disposal, agriculture (SNAP 2, 4-10). 

Figure 2 UK emission statistics by UNECE source category (1) Combustion in Energy production and transformation (2) Combustion in commercial, institutional, residential and agriculture (3) Combustion in industry (4) Production processes (5) Extraction and distribution offossil fuels (6) Solvent use (7) Road transport (8) Other transport and mobile machinery (9) Waste treatment and disposal (10) Agriculture, forestry and land use change (11) Nature...

Scientific studies have found that the differences between microwave and conventional pyrolysis go beyond the obvious difference in the source of heat. Other differences arise from the very high rates of heat transfer from the microwave-absorbent to the waste, the amount heat received by the primary pyrolytic products once they leave the absorbent bed and the highly reducing environment. These three aspects have been shown to have an important effect in the final products since they modify the extent of secondary and tertiary reactions. Moreover, the scientific studies have shown that a nonthermal microwave effect in these processes is unlikely to exist. Tests have showed the potential of the microwave-induced pyrolysis process for the treatment of real plastic-containing wastes and it is believed that a commercial process could be developed, for example, to recover clean aluminium from plastic/aluminium laminates. Other materials, in particular tyres, coal and medical wastes are very good candidates to be treated/recycled using microwave pyrolysis and there have been a considerable number patents filed with this goal in mind. 

The commercial membrane separation processes are offered in the areas of nitrogen production and waste treatment applications (1). Developing membrane applications in oil milling and edible oil processing are (1) solvent recovery, (2) degumming, (3) free fatty acid removal, (4) catalyst recovery, (5) recovery of wash water from second centrifuge, (6) coohng tower water recovery, (7) protein purification, and (8) tocopherol separation. 

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