Squid processing wastes

Seong-Sil-Kang et al. (36) studied wastes from squid processing factories because they contain high levels of EPA and DHA. Extractions were performed with and without 3% ethanol as entrainer in a semi continuous flow extractor with pressures in the range of 83-138 bar and temperatures of 25-50°C to improve the extraction efficiency. The extracts they obtained contained high levels of DHA, EPA and other PUPA. Highest extraction yield was achieved at 124 bar and 40°C with or without ethanol. Major fatty acids detected in the extracts (in addition to DHA and EPA) were myristic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid and arachidic acid. 

Shellfish wastes from food processing (shrimp, crab, squid)... 

In bacterial fermentation for chitin and chitosan production, the most often applied strains are Lactobacillus sp., Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp and S. marcescens. The microbial DP process is little efficient, ranging between 50% and 85% DP rate depending on materials, used microorganism, fermentation type, and time. Rao et al. (2000) cultured shrimp biowaste with L. plantarum and achieved 75% DP. Bautista et al. (2001) achieved 81.5% DP from crayfish using Lactobacillus pentosus 4023. Fermentation of crab shell wastes with 10% S. marcescens FS-3 inoculum resulted in DP of 84% and DM of 47% at 7 days culture (Jo et al. 2008). Squid pen for the preparation of P-chitin were deproteinized by 73% for 3 days with Bacillus sp. TKU004 (Wang et al. 2006). Also, the shrimp shells were deproteinized by 75% and 87% at 30°C for 6 days with Candida parapsilosis and Pseudomonas maltophilia, respectively (Chen 2001). 

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