Management - Waste Processing

Plastics waste processing, in particular, has direct links with the conservation of energy and natural resources, and the development of technology is the best solution to deal with plastics waste material. Plastics processing is used to recycle waste, which is driven by the potential depletion of raw materials and socio-economic factors. However, the direct reprocessing of plastics waste is limited due to contamination or the mixture of different kinds of materials. 

Current development activities are focused on the processes and practices of reprocessing plastic waste materials, with emphasis on the processes and practices that reduce emissions and integrate the LCA of technologies and materials. Plastics processing management involves the reuse of plastics waste from industry, and primary and secondary recycled material, to limit the environmental impact and preserve natural resources. 

The most suitable plastics processing technique used for the production of any component will depend upon the shape, size and quantity required in addition, the cost of plastics waste, obtained by different processing methods, must be taken into account. The product may need to be altered to make it suitable for an individual process and may even include material change. 

Many processes are available for the production of plastic products and the choice depends upon the relationship between material properties, processing method and end-product properties, in addition to the choice of forming method, which all have technical and economic aspects. Three important features of plastic melts during processing are shear viscosity, melt flow index (MFI) and melt elasticity. MFI is the quantity of polymer extruded under specific load and temperature conditions in a given time. The elastic properties of the melt are a major factor in determining the residual strain and moulding defects [8]. 

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Disposal The final func tional element in the sohd-waste-management system is disposal. Disposal is the ultimate fate of all solid wastes, whether they are wastes collected and transported direc tly to a landfQl site, semisolid wastes (sludge) from industrial treatment plants and air-pollution-control devices, incinerator residue, compost, or other substances from various solid-waste processing plants that are of no further use. 

Processing Techniques for Solid Wastes Processing techniques are used in solid-waste-management systems to (I) improve the efficiency of the systems, (2) to recover resources (usable materials), and (3) to prepare materials for recoveiy of conversion produc ts and energy. The more important techniques used for processing solid wastes are summarized in Tables 25-61 and 25-62. 

The FIFRA provides procedures for the registration of pesticide products to control their introduction into the marketplace. As such, its regulatory focus is different from most of the statutes discussed in this chapter. While the other statutes attempt to minimize and manage waste by-products at the end of the industrial process, FIFRA controls whether (and how) certain products are manufactured or sold in the first place. 

Reactive chemical process safety Systematic identification, evaluation, and control of reactive hazards at all phases of the production life cycle-from R D to pilot plant, change management, and decommissioning and for all types of operations-from storage or manufacturing to packaging or waste processing. 

Operating costs do not include excavation, transportation to and from recycling fadUty, and management of processed wastes/soils. No value is placed on recovered mercury. 

Some trade organizations and technical societies were invited to submit nominees for membership in WRISE and 20 individuals have been selected as initial Institute members. All possess credentials of accomplishment in pollution prevention, show evidence of a continuing interest in environmental protection and are, or have been, responsible for plant management or process design/selection or are highly knowledgeable of industrial operations for which waste reduction techniques are applicable. 

Environmental engineering Wastewater and industrial waste treatment Biological waste treatment Solid waste processing Soil and hazardous waste management... 

Outline an overall process flow sheet and material balance including solvent recovery and recycle. This should be done with the aid of process simulation software. [See Seider, Seader, and Lewin, Product and Process Design Principles Synthesis, Analysis, and Evaluation, 2d ed. (Wiley, 2004) and Turton et ah. Analysis, Synthesis, and Design of Chemical Processes, 2d ed. (Prentice-Hall, 2002)]. In the flow sheet include methods needed for controlling emissions and managing wastes. Carefully consider the possibility that impurities may accumulate in the recycled solvent, and devise methods for purging these impurities, if needed. 

Increase level of automation or better management of process to assist in reducing wastes due to poorly operated process. 

L. C. Thompson and R. L. Gerteis, New Technologies for Mining Waste Management—Biotreatment Processes for Cyanide, Nitrates and Heavy Metals, in Mining and Mineral Processing Wastes, F. M. Doyle (ed.), SME, Littleton, CO, 271-278 (1990). 

Kevin Regan, environmental manager, BGCAPP, Process alternates for wastes, presentation to the committee, January 23, 2008. 

Hazardous waste Water Remediation Industrial Services Analytical Services Resource Recovery Waste Management Equipment Process and Prevention Technology... 

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