Residue, processing

The increase in demand for good quality white products and the reduced consumption of fuel-oil related to pollution controls are going to be important factors in residue processing and heavy oil conversion in the years to come. 

Both parties need to identify responsibilities for choosing the right equipment for the process, preparing equipment for the process, and decontaminating equipment. Consider whether chemical and process hazards have been addressed in the selection, preparation, and decontamination of equipment. Examine the need to contractually address containment and disposal of residual process fluids and decontamination materials. If food products or pharmaceuticals are involved, cleaning methods may also be an issue to address in the contract. 

Material strength (with temperature and residual processing effects included)... 

The method may be applied to those anions (e.g. chloride, bromide, and iodide) which are completely precipitated by silver and are sparingly soluble in dilute nitric acid. Excess of standard silver nitrate solution is added to the solution containing free nitric acid, and the residual silver nitrate solution is titrated with standard thiocyanate solution. This is sometimes termed the residual process. Anions whose silver salts are slightly soluble in water, but which are soluble in nitric acid, such as phosphate, arsenate, chromate, sulphide, and oxalate, may be precipitated in neutral solution with an excess of standard silver nitrate solution. The precipitate is filtered off, thoroughly washed, dissolved in dilute nitric acid, and the silver titrated with thiocyanate solution. Alternatively, the residual silver nitrate in the filtrate from the precipitation may be determined with thiocyanate solution after acidification with dilute nitric acid. 

Deposition commonly reflects a combination of physicochemical processes and localized effects. It may occur through fouling as a result of contamination by process materials, perhaps plus scaling from the supersaturation of dissolved salts, and coupled with some active under-deposit corrosion. As a consequence, deposits forming within a boiler are almost never single mineral scales but typically consist of a variable mix of scale and corrosion debris, chemical treatment residuals, process contaminants, and the like. 

Los Alamos residue processing yields Pu02 feed that can be easily hydrofluorinated. If the oxide has been prepared by... 

Research and development, Pu production and purification. 369-78,409-30 Residue processing and purification... 

The bottom ash was treated with 0.4 moles of PO (from industrial-grade phosphoric acid) per kg dry weight of ash. The scrubber residue was treated with 1.2 moles of PO per kg of scrubber residue. The vitrification dust was treated with 0.4 moles of PO3- per kg of residue. Process mixing in all cases used an LS of 0.4. Mixing was done for 10 minutes in a Hobart mixer using a tined paddle (108 rpm) with a planetary orbit (48 rpm). 

Long-Residue Processing in a Riser Pilot Plant... 

This paper describes experience with residue processing in catalytic cracking units in the industry, both on a commercial and pilot plant scale. Specific changes which have been made to the design and operating procedures of the Shell Canada Oakville Research Centre (ORC) riser pilot plant are also discussed. 

O. C. Zienkiewicz and C. Taylor, Weighted Residual Processes in Finite Elements with Particular Reference to Some Transient and Coupled Problems, in Lectures on Finite Element Methods in Continuum Mechanics, J. T. Oden and E. R. A. Oliveria, Eds., U. A. H. Press, Huntsville, AL, 1973. 

In general, there are two alternatives for coupling the S-I process to a VHTR. In the first, secondary helium is initially used to supply heat to the MT/HT1 sulphuric acid decomposition steps. LT helium heat is then consumed by the HI decomposition section before the helium return to the intermediate heat exchanger. In the second alternative, heat integration between the chemical process steps allows for helium heat supply solely to the MT/HT sulphuric acid decomposition steps. Residual process LT heat recovered there is utilised in the HI decomposition section. 

With world crude oil supplies shifting in quality from lighter and sweeter crudes to heavier and higher sulfur crudes, and with that trend expected to continue, most refiners are looking to residual processing to increase the amount of liquid transportation fuel which is obtained from a barrel of crude. (1 )... 

Figure 23.3. Schematic diagram to fully utilize scallop mantle by extracting collagen in a native form, then converting to gelatin and collagen peptides, and finally residues processed into a pet food.

A more recent development in fixed bed residue processing is the use of zeolitic cracking catalysts. These have been developed primarily in Japan, and are quite stable according to the literature (64). 

Figure 3 Cysteine protease and subtilisin-like protease pathways for proneuropeptide processing. Distinct cysteine protease and subtilisin-like protease pathways have been demonstrated for pro-neuropeptide processing. Recent studies have identified secretory vesicle cathepsin L as an important processing enzyme for the production of the endogenous enkephalin opioid peptide. Preference of cathepsin L to cleave at the NH2-terminal side of dibasic residue processing sites yields peptide intermediates with NH2-terminal residues, which are removed by Arg/Lys aminopeptidase. The well-established subtilisin-like protease pathway involves several prohormone convertases (PC). PC1/3 and PC2 have been characterized as neuroendocrine processing proteases. The PC enzymes preferentially cleave at the COOH-terminal side of dibasic processing sites, which results in peptide intermediates with basic residue extensions at their COOH-termini that are removed by carboxypeptidase E/H.

Studies of the cleavage specificity of cathepsin L demonstrated that it prefers to cleave on the NH2-terminal side of dibasic residue processing sites of enkephalin-containing peptide substrates BAM-22P and Peptide F (22) and to cleave at the N-terminal sides of dibasic residues within peptide-MCA substrates (32). The cleavage specificity of cathepsin L results in enkephalin intermediate peptides with NH2-terminal basic residue extensions, which are then removed by Arg/Lys aminopeptidase. Secretory vesicles from adrenal medullary chromaffin cells (33) and from pituitary (34) contain Arg/Lys aminopeptidase activity for neuropeptide production. 

After the dye-bleach process, any remaining silver is bleached in a conventional bleach, which is followed by a fix to remove silver halide and a wash to remove any residual processing components and dye fragments. 

When we require that dP = dT = 0 no controllable changes can take place. Any residual processes are spontaneous, and thus, subject to the relation... 

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