Food waste processing production

Chapters 1 through 6 outline our understanding of the enzymes necessary or potentially useful for biomass conversion. Included are chapters on fuels and chemical feedstock production, pulp and paper processing, waste processing and degradation, food processing, and specific classes of alkali or thermostable enzymes. 

The list of plants, by-products and waste materials that can potentially be used as feedstock is almost endless. Major resources in biomass include agricultural crops and their waste by-products, lignocellulosic products such as wood and wood waste, waste from food processing and aquatic plants and algae and effluents produced in the human habitat. Moderately dried wastes such as wood residue, wood scrap and urban garbage can be directly burned as fuel. Energy from water-containing biomass... 

The process is applicable to Ihe treatment of almost any type of organic waste waters which can serve as food for biological growth. It has been applied to cannery wastes, milk products wastes, corn products wastes, and even phenolic wastes. I11 the treatment of phenolic wastes a special flora is developed which thrives on phenol as food. 

Whey hydrolysis and dairy waste processing for production of food ingredients [116] production of glucose, galactose, substrates for alcohol and ascorbic acid production [64] Solubilization of fish, meat, and leather remains, production of protein hydrolysates [64,65]... 

Any post-consumer plastic stream will contain some halogens in the form of polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, brominated flame retardants, halogenated additives, food waste, or salt. Therefore, two issues must be considered. First, the gas stream resulting from the depolymerization of plastics must be scrubbed to remove any halogenated gases to satisfy emissions controls. Second, halogens in the liquid product must be minimized to increase its value and marketability. Therefore the Conrad process has been developed. It is a robust process unit that can accommodate a variable feedstream and produce a consistent product, free of nonhydrocarbon impurities by low feed preparation costs. 

Super-heated water vapor has been widely used in many industrial processes such as heat-exchange process and drying, and has also been used in the activation process for activated carbon production. Recently, the super-heated water vapor has been utilized in food industry for production of instant food and drying of vegetables and tea leafs. The characteristics of the super-heated water vapor [3] are (1) it can heat the materials without oxidation because it does not contain oxygen and carbon dioxide, (2) drying speed becomes much faster than super-heated air due to heat emission of water molecules, and (3) waste gas is easily recovered by condensing. 

Enzymes are the active components in the cells, where they induce the chemical transformations. They can be removed from the cells without loss of activity and sold as separate products. These isolated enzymes are used in many industrial processes, especially in food production. They are more stable and easier to handle than the original microorganisms from which they were isolated. The enzymes are often obtained from the waste bacterial biomass that remains after food fermentation processes. 

Composting—The process by which organic waste, such as yard waste, food waste, and paper, is broken down by microorganisms and turned into a useful product for improving soil. 

Synthetic dyes are extensively used in many up-to-date industrial processes and research, mainly in the preparation of textile, food, and leather products, as well as in cosmetics and medicine. The widespread application of synthetic dyes has resulted in serious environmental pollution Their occurrence in ground water and waste-water and the accumulation in sediment, soil, and various biological tissues has often been observed and reported. Dyes and intermediates can cause abnormal reproductive function in males and show marked toxic effects toward bacteria. The rate of biodegradation of the majority of synthetic dyes is very low, enhancing the toxicological hazard and environmental impact. 

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