Industrial waste treatment processes

A Survey of Some Industrial Waste Treatment Processes... 

Iron(III) chloride occurs naturally as the mineral molysite. The compound is widely used to prepare a number of iron(lII) salts. Also, it is apphed in sewage and industrial waste treatment processes. It also is used in the manufacture of dyes, pigments and inks as a chlorinating agent and as a catalyst in chlorination reactions of aromatics. 

The purpose of chemical processes is not to make chemicals The purpose is to make money. However, the profit must he made as part of a sustainable industrial activity which retains the capacity of ecosystems to support industrial activity and life. This means that process waste must be taken to its practical and economic minimum. Relying on methods of waste treatment is usually not adequate, since waste treatment processes tend not so much to solve the waste problem but simply to move it from one place to another. Sustainable industrial activity also means that energy consumption must be taken to its practical and economic minimum. Chemical processes also must not present significant short-term or long-term hazards, either to the operating personnel or to the community. 

The surviving U.S. plants have embraced all types of waste treatment processes (see Wastes treatment, hazardous waste Wastes, industrial). The most desired poUution prevention processes are those which reduce the total amount of waste discharged. Treatment and disposal are less strongly emphasized options. Zero wastewater discharge faciHties and water recycling processes are becoming more common (55,56). 

The minerals processing industry has made contributions to all areas of technology, both in terms of products and processing. Technologies developed in the mineral industry are used extensively in the chemicals industry as well as in municipal and industrial waste treatment and recycling industry, eg, scrap recycling, processing of domestic refuse, automobiles, electronic scrap, battery scrap, and decontamination of soils. 

As indicated above, industrial wastewater contains avast array of pollutants in soluble, colloidal, and particulate forms, both inorganic and organic. In addition, the required effluent standards are also diverse, varying with the industrial and pohutant class. Consequently, there can be no standard design for industrial water-pohution control. Rather, each site requires a customized design to achieve optimum performance. However, each of the many proven processes for industrial waste treatment is able to remove more than one type of pollutant and is in general applicable to more than one industry. In the sections that follow, waste-treatment processes are discussed more from the... 

Industrial applications inclnde the production of petrochemicals, fine chemicals and pharmacenticals (particnlarly throngh asymmetric catalysis), hydrometallurgy, and waste-treatment processes. Many life processes are based on metallo-enzyme systems that catalyse redox and acid-base reactions. 

Associated Water and Air Resources Engineers, Inc. (Aware, Inc.), Nashville, TN. "Process Design Techniques for Industrial Waste Treatment," Enviro Press, Nashville, TN. 

All of the process streams that could be treated offsite have compositions similar to waste streams routinely treated by commercial industrial waste treatment facilities. Thus, they could be transported by standard commercial conveyance to commercial facilities that are appropriately permitted to receive the waste. 

The treatment options cited above are very specific to the type of waste. To have a clear understanding of the various unit operations used in the treatment and disposal of various types of wastes produced in the pharmaceutical industry, the treatment processes can be divided into the following three categories and subcategories ... 

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