Big Chemical Encyclopedia

Chemical substances, components, reactions, process design ...

Articles Figures Tables About

Volatiles compounds

GC has been used extensively for the determination of more volatile components of polymers, e.g., monomers, residual solvents and antioxidants, and coupled with complementary techniques such as pyrolysis, photolysis and mass spectrometry for the [Pg.175]

Roper [30] has discussed the problem of determining very low concentrations of volatiles in polymers. Methods for the determination of such volatiles frequently include application of heat to the sample and the sweeping action of an inert gas to separate the volatile components from the polymer. The volatiles are then analysed by GC. When there is a low concentration of volatile material, it is advantageous to concentrate it in order to improve the shapes of the chromatographic peaks. [Pg.175]

After the volatiles have been adsorbed in its packed section, the trap-tube is disconnected from the butyl rubber tube and moved to the chromatograph. With valve A open and [Pg.175]

It is advantageous to use an electronic integrator to determine the response in counts per microgram for the various components to be measured. With this information, the percentage of each volatile component of the sample can be calculated from the number of integrator counts in each peak. [Pg.176]

In an alternative procedure the polymer is heated and the head-space atmosphere analysed by GC. The film or sheet, together with internal standard, is placed in a 250 ml sealed container and heated at 100 °C for 90 minutes. [Pg.177]

Flavour is a complex sensation, made up principally of smell and taste, but touch and hearing contribute as well. The human senses of smell and taste differ in sensitivity, between each other and depending on the nature of the component eliciting the sensation. Substances may have no impact at all (such as oxygen or carbon monoxide) or exhibit very low thresholds (such as 2 X 10 14g mL 1 water for the odour of bis-2-methyl-3-furyl disulfide).204 In general, odour thresholds are much lower than taste thresholds and so flavour tends to be dominated by odorous components, by substances able to reach the olfactory epithelium high up in the nose, that is, substances with at least some volatility. Hence, the emphasis on the volatile compounds derived from the Maillard reaction. [Pg.62]

The formation of volatile compounds by the Maillard reaction has been most recently reviewed by Mottram152 and Tressl and Rewicki.30 [Pg.62]

The volatile products of the Maillard reaction can be classified into the following three groups 205 [Pg.62]

Simple amino acid degradation products Aldehydes, cf. Strecker degradation Gly CH20 Ala CH3CHO [Pg.62]

It has been shown that the flavour activity of diacetylformoin lies in the open-chain form, the cyclic isomer being completely odourless.211 [Pg.64]


Volatile boron compounds burn with a green flame. If a solid borate is mixed with methanol and concentrated sulphuric acid, the volatile compound boron trimethoxide, BfOCHj j, is formed and ignition of the alcohol therefore produces a green flame ... [Pg.158]

Unlike solid leadflF) chloride which is ionic and which dissolves in water to form hydrated and CP ions, lead(TV) chloride is an essentially covalent volatile compound which is violently hydrolysed by water. [Pg.200]

Steam Distillatioo. A compact and efficient apparatus is shown in Fig, 43. The liquid to be steam-distilled is placed in the tube A and water is placed in the outer flask B. On heating B, steam passes into the inner tube A through the inlet tube C, and steam-volatile compounds are rapidly distilled and collected in the receiver placed at the end of the condenser D. [Pg.66]

Step 3. The non-steam-volatile compounds. The alkaline solution (82) remaining in the distiUing flask from Step 2 may contain water-soluble, non-volatile acidic, basic or neutral compounds. Add dilute sulphuric acid until the solution is just acid to Congo red, evaporate to dryness, and extract the residual solid with boiling absolute ethyl alcohol extraction is complete when the undissolved salt exhibits no sign of charring when heated on a metal spatula in the Bunsen flame. Evaporate the alcoholic solution to dryness and identify the residue. [Pg.1099]

Element 104, the first transactinide element, is expected to have chemical properties similar to those of hafnium. It would, for example, form a relatively volatile compound with chlorine (a tetrachloride). [Pg.158]

Ammonia is a volatile compound as evidenced by the strong smell of even dilute solutions. This volatility presents a possible source of determinate error. Will this determinate error be negative or positive ... [Pg.297]

Once a mass spectrum from an eluting component has been acquired, the next step is to try to identify the component either through the skill of the mass spectroscopist or by resorting to a library search. Most modem GC/MS systems with an attached data station include a large library of spectra from known compounds (e.g., the NIST library). There may be as many as 50,000 to 60,000 stored spectra covering most of the known simple volatile compounds likely to be met in analytical work. Using special search routines under the control of the computer, one can examine... [Pg.257]

Other volatile compounds of elements can be used to transport samples into the plasma flame. For example, hydride reduction of mercury compounds gives the element (Hg), which is very volatile. Osmium can be oxidized to its volatile tetroxide (OSO4), and some elements can be measured as their volatile acetylacetonate (acac) derivatives, as with Zn(acac)2. [Pg.396]

Target compounds are specified for each Series Method. Volatile compounds that need to be analyzed can be extracted from the matrix by a purge-and-trap device. [Pg.418]

Vapor-Phase Mechanisms. Phosphoms flame retardants can also exert vapor-phase flame-retardant action. Trimethyl phosphate [512-56-1] C H O P, retards the velocity of a methane—oxygen flame with about the same molar efficiency as antimony trichloride (30,31). Both physical and chemical vapor-phase mechanisms have been proposed for the flame-retardant action of certain phosphoms compounds. Physical (endothermic) modes of action have been shown to be of dominant importance in the flame-retardant action of a wide range of non-phosphoms-containing volatile compounds (32). [Pg.475]

Chemical compounds having odor and taste number in the thousands. In 1969 a description of the odor characteristics of more than three thousand chemical compounds used in the flavor and perfume industries were described (41). The Hst of volatile compounds found in food that may contribute to odor and taste is even larger (42), and the Hst of all possible flavor compounds, including those that have yet to be synthesized, is greater than a thousand. Many different compounds have the same flavor character or quaUty, differing perhaps in their relative intensity but indistinguishable in the type of flavor they ehcit. The exact number of different flavor quaUties is not known, but it appears to be much less than the total number of compounds with flavor. [Pg.3]

H. Maarse and C. A. Visscher, eds. Volatile Compounds in Food, Qualitative Data, 5th ed., Zeist, the Netherlands, 1983. [Pg.7]

Another process employed to increase the formation of volatile compounds in fmit is that of bioregulators. When a bioregulator is appHed to lemon trees an increase in both the aldehyde and alcohol fractions of the lemon oil extracted from the fmit of the treated lemon trees was observed (78). [Pg.17]

The reactivity of fluorine compounds varies from extremely stable, eg, compounds such as sulfur hexafluoride [2551-62 ] nitrogen trifluoride [7783-54-2] and the perfluorocarbons (see Fluorine compounds, organic) to extremely reactive, eg, the halogen fluorides. Another unique property of nonionic metal fluorides is great volatiUty. Volatile compounds such as tungsten hexafluoride [7783-82-6] molybdenum hexafluoride [7783-77-9] ... [Pg.123]

Hafnium Tetrahydridoborate. Hafnium tetrahydridoborate [25869-93-6] Hf(BH 4, is the most volatile compound of hafnium mp, 29°C ... [Pg.444]

The iodide or van Arkel-de Boer process is a volatilization process involving transfer of an involatile metal as its volatile compound. It is used for the purification of titanium. The reaction of iodine gas with impure titanium metal at 175°C yields gaseous titanium iodide and leaves the impurities in the sohd residue. [Pg.169]

The encapsulation of herbicides has received much attention. Encapsulated alachlor is a high volume herbicide product generally sold as a Hquid formulation, although a dry granule version is also available. The capsules, produced by interfacial polymeri2ation (11), are reported to be spherical with a diameter of 2—15 p.m (75). Two thiocarbamate herbicides, EPTC and vemolate [1929-77-7], were encapsulated by interfacial polymeri2ation because they are volatile compounds. When appHed in unencapsulated form, they must be incorporated in the soil within two hours in order to provide effective weed control. When appHed as a microencapsulated formulation, the rate of volatili2ation is lower and soil incorporation can be delayed 24 hours (76). [Pg.325]

Gas chromatography (gc) has been used extensively to analyze phenoHc resins for unreacted phenol monomer as weU as certain two- and three-ring constituents in both novolak and resole resins (61). It is also used in monitoring the production processes of the monomers, eg, when phenol is alkylated with isobutylene to produce butylphenol. Usually, the phenoHc hydroxyl must be derivatized before analysis to provide a more volatile compound. The gc analysis of complex systems, such as resoles, provides distinct resolution of over 20 one- and two-ring compounds having various degrees of methylolation. In some cases, hemiformals may be detected if they have been properly capped (53). [Pg.300]

Organic selenium compounds and siUceous materials (rock, ore, concentrates) are fused with mixtures of sodium carbonate and various oxidants, eg, sodium peroxide, potassium nitrate, or potassium persulfate. For volatile compounds, this fusion is performed in a bomb or a closed system microwave digestion vessel. An oxidizing fusion usually converts selenium into Se(VI) rather than Se(IV). [Pg.335]

The kidney is an important organ for the excretion of toxic materials and their metaboHtes, and measurement of these substances in urine may provide a convenient basis for monitoring the exposure of an individual to the parent compound in his or her immediate environment. The Hver has as one of its functions the metaboHsm of foreign compounds some pathways result in detoxification and others in metaboHc activation. Also, the Hver may serve as a route of elimination of toxic materials by excretion in bile. In addition to the Hver (bile) and kidney (urine) as routes of excretion, the lung may act as a route of elimination for volatile compounds. The excretion of materials in sweat, hair, and nails is usually insignificant. [Pg.231]

Evaporation. Evaporation can be used to separate volatile compounds from nonvolatile components and often is used to remove residual moisture or solvents from soHds or semisoHds. Thin-film evaporators and dryers are examples of evaporation equipment used for this type of appHcation. Some evaporators are also appropriate for aqueous solutions. [Pg.162]

Bioventing. Bioventing is soil venting that enhances biodegradation while extracting volatile compounds from the unsaturated zone. [Pg.172]


See other pages where Volatiles compounds is mentioned: [Pg.183]    [Pg.2440]    [Pg.31]    [Pg.196]    [Pg.196]    [Pg.567]    [Pg.102]    [Pg.266]    [Pg.369]    [Pg.124]    [Pg.137]    [Pg.173]    [Pg.265]    [Pg.298]    [Pg.139]    [Pg.514]    [Pg.170]    [Pg.352]    [Pg.445]    [Pg.268]    [Pg.381]    [Pg.223]    [Pg.242]    [Pg.248]    [Pg.167]    [Pg.171]    [Pg.172]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.356 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.158 , Pg.216 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.7 , Pg.8 , Pg.199 , Pg.228 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.132 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.62 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.23 , Pg.641 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.641 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.51 , Pg.52 , Pg.53 , Pg.54 , Pg.55 , Pg.56 , Pg.57 , Pg.58 , Pg.59 , Pg.60 , Pg.61 , Pg.62 , Pg.63 , Pg.205 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.55 , Pg.56 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.222 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.2430 , Pg.2439 , Pg.2440 , Pg.2441 , Pg.2442 , Pg.2443 , Pg.2444 , Pg.2445 , Pg.2448 , Pg.2451 , Pg.2452 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.255 , Pg.266 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.178 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.23 , Pg.44 , Pg.164 , Pg.165 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.788 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.191 , Pg.375 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.38 , Pg.40 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.2 , Pg.23 , Pg.114 , Pg.136 , Pg.151 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.16 , Pg.315 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.12 , Pg.97 , Pg.99 , Pg.189 ]




SEARCH



ARGOT SCHEITHAUER 1 Definition solvent and volatile organic compounds (VOC)

Abatement of Volatile Organic Compounds Some Industrial Applications

Activated carbons volatile organic compounds removal using

Adsorption volatile organic compound analysis

Alcohols and Other Volatile Compounds

Aldehydes volatile organic compounds

Antimony compounds volatile, toxicity

Application to volatile compounds on-line detection of plant stress

Aroma compounds sulphur volatiles

Aroma compounds volatiles

Arsenic compounds, selective volatilization

Automated analysis of volatile flavor compounds

Biogenic volatile organic compounds

Biogenic volatile organic compounds BVOC)

Biogenic volatile organic compounds BVOCs)

Blackcurrant volatile compounds

Blood volatile organic compounds

Carbonyl volatile flavor compounds from lipid

Carpets volatile organic compounds

Cheddar cheese volatile compounds

Cheddar volatile compounds

Chemical sensors volatile organic compounds

Chlorinated volatile organic compounds

Coatings volatile organic compounds

Complete Oxidation of Volatile Organic Compounds

Contamination by volatile organic compounds

Cranberry volatile compounds

Decomposition volatile compounds from

Derived Volatile Aroma and Flavor Compounds

Desorption, aroma compounds, volatile

Desorption, aroma compounds, volatile traps

Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds Enrichment and Analysis

Diacetamide compounds volatility

Dissolved volatile halogenated organic compounds

Emission volatile organic compounds

Emissions of volatile organic compounds

Environmental influences volatile organic compounds

Flame photometric detector, volatile compounds

Flavor volatile compounds

Flavour / flavouring compounds volatiles

Flavour volatile compounds

Fluorination of Volatile Inorganic Compounds

Fluorination, apparatus for of volatile inorganic compounds

Fluorine, volatile inorganic compounds

Food volatiles, heterocyclic compounds

Formation of Volatile Compounds

GC-MS of Volatile Organic Compounds Using Purge and Trap Extraction

Gases volatile organic compounds

Government volatile organic compounds

Growth of Compounds with Volatile Constituents

Headspace Volatile Compounds

Heat-generated volatile sulfur compounds

Hydrocarbons volatile organic compounds

Identification of volatile compounds

Indirect methods volatile compounds

Inorganic mercury compounds volatility

Laser applications to the study of non-volatile compounds in fruits

Lipid derived volatile compounds

Low-volatility compounds

MAGIC 60-Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds

Maillard volatile compound

Major Volatile Compounds of Commercial Fats and Oils

Measurement of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)

Membrane reactors volatile organic compounds

Mercury compounds, volatility

Metabolism volatile sulfur compounds

Microbial volatile organic compounds

Modulation of volatile sulfur compounds

Mushrooms, Shiitake, volatile compound identification

Nitrogen volatile inorganic compounds

Noble volatile organic compounds

Non volatile organic compounds

Non-methane volatile organic compounds

Non-methane volatile organic compounds NMVOC)

Non-volatile compounds

Non-volatile flavour compounds

Nonmethane volatile organic compound

Of volatile organic compounds

Of volatile organic sulfur compounds

Onion volatile compounds

Organic compounds highly volatile halogenated hydrocarbons

Organic mercury compounds, volatility

Organoleptic volatile compounds

Oxidation catalysts volatile organic compounds

Oxidation of Volatile Organic Compounds

Oxidation volatile organic compounds

Oxygen, volatile inorganic compounds

Oxygenated volatile organic compounds

Oxygenated volatile organic compounds OVOCs)

Ozone depletion volatile organic compounds regulation

Ozone volatile organic compounds

Paint/painting volatile organic compounds

Palladium volatile organic compounds

Partitioning of Volatile Compounds

Pepper volatiles, compounds identified

Permeation of gases, water vapor and volatile organic compounds

Plasma Catalysis for Volatile Organic Compounds Abatement

Platinum volatile organic compounds

Pollutants Semi Volatile Organic Compounds

Pollutants Very Volatile Organic Compounds

Pollution control volatile organic compounds

Poly , identification volatile compounds

Polymeric volatile compounds

Precursor Volatile Organic Compounds

Primary volatile organic compounds

Primary volatile organic compounds VOCs)

Purge-and-Trap Analysis for Volatile Organic Compounds

Quantification limit, volatile organic compounds

Rapid Synthesis of Volatile Compounds

Recovery of Volatile Organic Compounds

Reduction of volatile organic compound

Removal of volatile compounds

Removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs)

Ripening volatile compounds

Sample preparation volatile organic compound

Seaweeds volatile organic compounds

Semi-volatile compounds

Semi-volatile organic compounds

Semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC

Semi-volatile organic compounds SVOCs)

Separation techniques volatile organic compound

Sherry wines volatile compounds

Signatures, volatile organic compounds

Soil pollution volatile organic compounds

Solvents volatile organic compounds

Stripping operation volatile organic compound

Subject volatile organic compounds

Sweet volatile compounds

The Catalytic Oxidation of Hydrocarbon Volatile Organic Compounds

The Total Volatile Organic Compounds Concept

The volatile compounds identified in green coffee beans

Thermal interactions, volatile compounds

Thermally generated volatile compounds

Time-Resolved Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds

Tomato volatile compounds

Total volatile organic compound (TVOC

Toxic volatile compounds, selective

Toxic volatile organic compounds, determination

Urine, Volatile compounds

VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUND (VOC) EMISSIONS CONTROL

Vertical VOCs, volatile organic compounds

Volatile Compounds and Flavor Substances

Volatile Organic Compound Perovskite oxides

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Contamination

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in Food

Volatile Organic Compounds control measures

Volatile Organic Compounds health effects

Volatile Organic Compounds in Buildings

Volatile Organic Compounds in Other Environments

Volatile Sulfur Compounds from Other Plants

Volatile Sulfur Compounds in Wines

Volatile Sulphur Compounds in Wines

Volatile and odoriferous compounds

Volatile carbonyl compounds

Volatile compound biogeneration

Volatile compound enrichment from water

Volatile compound production

Volatile compound production suspension cell cultures

Volatile compound, Maillard reaction

Volatile compounds Shiitake mushroom

Volatile compounds affecting

Volatile compounds affecting aroma

Volatile compounds analysis

Volatile compounds aqueous solutions

Volatile compounds butterfat

Volatile compounds classes

Volatile compounds classification

Volatile compounds coffee

Volatile compounds diffusion

Volatile compounds flavor contribution

Volatile compounds freshly harvested fish

Volatile compounds garlic

Volatile compounds generated from

Volatile compounds ginger

Volatile compounds grapes

Volatile compounds identification

Volatile compounds identified

Volatile compounds in wine

Volatile compounds metabolism

Volatile compounds microbial metabolites

Volatile compounds organics, extraction from

Volatile compounds papaya

Volatile compounds quantitation

Volatile compounds quantity

Volatile compounds spices

Volatile compounds stable isotope ratio measurements

Volatile compounds structure

Volatile compounds sulfur-based

Volatile compounds wheat

Volatile compounds, biological

Volatile compounds, biological treatment

Volatile compounds, bread

Volatile compounds, effect

Volatile compounds, soil diffusion

Volatile compounds/components

Volatile constituents sulphur compounds

Volatile flavor compounds analysis

Volatile flavor compounds automated analysis

Volatile flavor compounds from lipid oxidation

Volatile flavor compounds in foods

Volatile halogenated organic compounds

Volatile inorganic compounds

Volatile metal compounds

Volatile neutral compounds

Volatile oiganic compounds

Volatile organic carbon compounds

Volatile organic chemicals/compounds

Volatile organic compound abatement

Volatile organic compound barrier

Volatile organic compound components

Volatile organic compound content, VOC

Volatile organic compound design problem

Volatile organic compound rate constant with

Volatile organic compound sampling

Volatile organic compounds

Volatile organic compounds (VOC

Volatile organic compounds , role

Volatile organic compounds 286 INDEX

Volatile organic compounds : VOC concentrations

Volatile organic compounds Sick Building Syndrome

Volatile organic compounds VOCs)

Volatile organic compounds VOCs) oxidation

Volatile organic compounds adsorption/removal

Volatile organic compounds aeration

Volatile organic compounds analysis

Volatile organic compounds approach

Volatile organic compounds atmosphere

Volatile organic compounds benzene

Volatile organic compounds catalytic oxidation

Volatile organic compounds chemical manufacturing release

Volatile organic compounds chromatographic measurement

Volatile organic compounds classification

Volatile organic compounds coatings industry regulation

Volatile organic compounds combustion

Volatile organic compounds control

Volatile organic compounds control technics

Volatile organic compounds determination

Volatile organic compounds dynamic headspace

Volatile organic compounds emission reduction

Volatile organic compounds emissions data

Volatile organic compounds ethanol

Volatile organic compounds extraction

Volatile organic compounds fates

Volatile organic compounds headspace

Volatile organic compounds headspace sampling

Volatile organic compounds in air

Volatile organic compounds in breath

Volatile organic compounds indoor air

Volatile organic compounds limits

Volatile organic compounds long-range transport

Volatile organic compounds matrix effect

Volatile organic compounds media

Volatile organic compounds miscibility

Volatile organic compounds operating experience

Volatile organic compounds oxidation reactions

Volatile organic compounds partition coefficient

Volatile organic compounds passive sampling

Volatile organic compounds pervaporation

Volatile organic compounds polarities

Volatile organic compounds possible sources

Volatile organic compounds recovery using membranes

Volatile organic compounds regulation

Volatile organic compounds removal from aqueous solutions

Volatile organic compounds removal processes

Volatile organic compounds removing

Volatile organic compounds respiratory irritants

Volatile organic compounds retention times

Volatile organic compounds s

Volatile organic compounds sample handling

Volatile organic compounds sampler

Volatile organic compounds sampling methods

Volatile organic compounds sources

Volatile organic compounds thermal oxidation

Volatile organic compounds toluene

Volatile organic compounds volatility

Volatile organic compounds waterborne paints

Volatile organic compounds, atmospheric

Volatile organic compounds, atmospheric importance

Volatile organic compounds, cancer risk

Volatile organic compounds, detection

Volatile organic compounds, doped

Volatile organic compounds, groundwater

Volatile organic compounds, groundwater contamination problem

Volatile organic compounds, passive

Volatile organic selenium compounds

Volatile organic sulfur compounds

Volatile organic sulphur compounds

Volatile organic tellurium compound

Volatile organometallic compound

Volatile oxygen compounds

Volatile silicic compound

Volatile silicic compound oxidation

Volatile sulfonated compounds

Volatile sulfur compound in yeast

Volatile sulfur compound in yeast extracts

Volatile sulfur compound modulation

Volatile sulfur compounds

Volatile sulfur compounds origin

Volatile sulfur, compounds aroma

Volatile sulphur compounds,

Volatile traps, aroma compounds

Volatility of aroma compounds

Volatility of compounds

Volatility range, automated analysis compounds

Volatility, organic compounds

Volatilization from water high-volatility compounds

Volatilization inorganic compounds

Volatilization of Organic and Inorganic Compounds

Volatilization of organic compounds

Volatilization organic compounds

Volatilized compounds, intensifying

Zeolites volatile organic compounds

© 2019 chempedia.info