Government volatile organic compounds

The indoor air quality appliance must have better than ninety percent efficient in removing airborne particulates, bioaerosols (i.e., airborne bacteria and fungi spores), carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds and odors. It must meet or exceed the industry s standards in performance and safety. The product must be able to maintain the pollutants in indoor air at below government IAQ standards and must not emit or produce harmful secondary pollutions during... 

Formulations may also be either solvent-based or 100% solids. One-hundred percent solids adhesives contain no solvents and are rapidly replacing the solvent-based types because of environmental concerns over volatile organic compounds (VOC), government regulations restricting their use, and reliability concerns. 

The main problem of styrene is high emission, which restricts applications in closed compartments (e.g., naval application). Styrene emission is a health hazard (threshold value of 50 ppm). The need to rednce the volatile organic compound (VOC) is not only expressed in government regulations, but also equally and persuasively by various environmental concerns. The evaporation of styrene can be reduced by the addition of waxes or pyrogenic silicic acid with hydrophilic and hydrophobic end groups. However, such additives may affect the interfacial properties of composites made out of polyester resins. Some styrene-less UPE resin formulations using diacrylate monomers have been reported [71]. However, mostly styrene is used as a reactive diluent in UPE resins. 

Rayon-based ACFs are used in the adsorption of many volatile organic compounds including formaldehyde (80), methyl ethyl ketones (81), and benzene (81). ACFs are also finding uses in natural gas storage (82), electrodes for batteries (83), catalyst supports (84), and NO removal (85). Stabilized rayon fibers are carbonized and then activated with air (80), steam (86), or carbon dioxide (87), much as in granular carbon activation. The extent of pyrolysis governs the pore structure, carbon yield, and surface area of the fiber, while activation impacts the presence of functional groups on the pore surface (12). Properties of some commercial ACFs are summarized in Table 6. 

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