Volatile organic compounds emission reduction

Numerous alternatives to low-solid, solvent-based coatings traditionally used by, e.g., the wood furniture industry are shown in Table 5.58 with the estimated reduction in volatile organic compound emissions. 

Reduction of Volatile Organic Compound Emissions During Spray Painting Green processing using ionic liquids and CO2... 

In the United States, the reportable quantity of 1-propanol for spills under CERCLA "Superfund" is 100 Ib/d (45.4 kg/d). However, no reportable quantity is assigned for transport (43). The substance is on the list for atmospheric standards, as defined iu 40 CER 60.489 (47). The iatent of these standards is to require all newly constmcted, modified, and reconstmcted manufacturiug units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of volatile organic compounds (47). 1-Propanol is also on the right-to-know regulations of the states of Connecticut,... 

It was not nndl the 1950s that detonation flame arresters made of crimped metal ribbon elements were developed and began to be used more freqnendy (Binks 1999). The major impetus for die use of crimped metal ribbon detonation flame arresters in the US was the enactment of clean air legislation (Clean Air Act of 1990) which inadvertently created a safety problem by requiring reductions in volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions. To do this, manifolded vent systems (vapor collection systems) were increasingly installed in many chemical process industry plants which captured VOC vapors and transported them to suitable recovery, recycle, or destruction systems. This emission control requirement has led to the introdnction of ignition risks, for example, from a flare or via spontaneous combustion of an activated carbon adsorber bed. Multiple... 

Existing European legislation to reduce volatile organic compound(VOC) emissions is briefly reviewed and the political and technical reasons why further VOC reductions will be requested in the future are examined. The new European legislation relating to the reduction of VOC in decorative paints is discussed in detail and its consequences for coating manufacturers and their customers are considered. 

An examination is made of the provisions of European Union directive 1999/13/CE covering the reduction and control of emissions of volatile organic compounds arising from the use of organic solvents. 

Additional emission reductions of benzene, volatile organic compounds, and particulate matter... 

It is fair to state that by and large the most important application of structured reactors is in environmental catalysis. The major applications are in automotive emission reduction. For diesel exhaust gases a complication is that it is overall oxidizing and contains soot. The three-way catalyst does not work under the conditions of the diesel exhaust gas. The cleaning of exhaust gas from stationary sources is also done in structured catalytic reactors. Important areas are reduction of NOv from power plants and the oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Structured reactors also suggest themselves in synthesis gas production, for instance, in catalytic partial oxidation (CPO) of methane. 

Phase 2 RFG was introduced in the San Francisco Bay Area and pollutant emissions were measured at the 1100 m long Caldecott tunnel during the summers of 1994 and 1997. Between the 1994 to 1997, emissions of carbon monoxide decreased by 31%, non-methane volatile organic compounds (VOC) decreased by 43%, nitrogen oxides decreased by 18%, and vehicle emission of benzene was estimated to be a 30 to 40% reduction. The use of RFG increased formaldehyde... 

Flue-gas from boilers fired with liquid or solid fuels contains fly-ash and gaseous contaminants such as CO, NOx, SO2, or volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Emission regulations require their removal, which is achieved by a sequence of after-treatment processes. The after-treatment usually comprises a filter to remove solid particulates operated at approximately 150 °C, a wet scrubber for the removal of SO2 with an alkaline solution operated at approximately 50 °C, and finally a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) unit, which converts NOx to N2 with the help of NH3 at approximately 370 °C (Fig. 15.1) [4]. During this process, the flue gas is cooled down and then heated up again, which requires additional heat transfer equipment, with its inherent energy losses. 

Roselle S. J. and Schere K. L. (1995) Modeled response of photochemical oxidants to systematic reductions in anthropogenic volatile organic compound and NO, emissions. J. Geophys. Res. 100, 22929-22941. 

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