Non-methane volatile organic compounds

Data from the EEA (2006c) reveal that air emissions from transport follow a slightly less expressed, but well comparable trend to entire emissions between 1990 and 2004. Table 19.2 shows the share for the transport sector of certain pollutants in the EU 40% to 50% of NO, and carbon monoxide (CO), 25% of non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC) and just 1% of sulphur oxides (SO,). In developing countries, and here in particular in the big megacities, the share for transport of SO, heavy metal and particulate emissions (not listed here) will -because of the old vehicle fleets - be much higher. 

Phase 2 RFG was introduced in the San Francisco Bay Area and pollutant emissions were measured at the 1100 m long Caldecott tunnel during the summers of 1994 and 1997. Between the 1994 to 1997, emissions of carbon monoxide decreased by 31%, non-methane volatile organic compounds (VOC) decreased by 43%, nitrogen oxides decreased by 18%, and vehicle emission of benzene was estimated to be a 30 to 40% reduction. The use of RFG increased formaldehyde... 

The contribution of non-methane volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to the atmosphere due to the liberation of volatile phytochemicals. 

In this work atmospheric concentrations of a large number of non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) emitted by different anthropogenic sources, in particular from traffic exhaust and solvent use, have been investigated. The results from the studies should provide more information about the relative importance of road traffic and solvent use to the total NMVOC emission in Europe. 

During three measurement campaigns performed in September 2001, August/September 2002 and October 2003, non-methane volatile organic compounds concentrations were measured at different city areas in Wuppertal near relevant sources of NMVOCs. The... 

Klimont, Z., Streets, D.G., Gupta, S., Cofala, J., Lixin, F., and Yoichi Ichikawa, Y. (2002) Anthropogenic emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds in China. Atmos. Environ., 36, 1309-1322. 

In contrast to the NOx mixing ratios 10-100 pptv in the clean lower atmosphere, those of NOx in the urban polluted air are t3 pically one to tens of ppbv, more than 100 times higher than the former (Finlayson-Pitts and Pitts 2000). Similarly, the mixing ratios of components of non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) or non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) in the polluted atmosphere, are also 0.1-100 ppbv, typically 100 times higher than 1-1000 pptv in the clean atmosphere (Finlayson-Pitts and Pitts 2000). In such a polluted atmosphere, most of the OH radicals formed by reactions (7.1) and (7.2) react with anthropogenic NHVOCs rather than CH4 and CO. 

Phwlowska, M., Czerwihski, J., St pniewski, W. 2008. Variability of the non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC) composition in biogas from sorted and unsorted landfill material. Arch. Environ. Prot., 34(3) 287-298. 

Of a total flux of non-methane reduced organic compounds into the atmosphere of about 1,350 Tg year [35, 36], rally 10% or so leads to organic aerosol [25, 37], However, less than 1 % of the primary organic emissions into the atmosphere have a sufficiently low volatility to remain in the condensed phase under ambient conditions, so SOA formation must be a huge part (90% or more) of the OA story [38]. The straightforward fact is that only a small fraction of all organic compoimds (by mass) in the atmosphere have what it takes to stay on or in a particle. That special property is low volatility, and most compounds acquire that low volatility via chemical transformation in the atmosphere. 

This book provides standardized methods for measuring the major toxic organic contaminants found in air, inducting volatile organic compounds, aldehydes and ketones, phosgene, non-methane organic compounds, pofynudear aromatics hydrocarbons, and others. 

Soltani-Ahmadi, H., 2002. A Review of the Literature Regarding Non-Methane and Volatile Organic Compounds in Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Gas. University of Delaware, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering. Featured in the September/October 2002 issue of MSW Management (Forester Communications, Inc.), (www.stormcon.com/nmocvoc.pdf). 

Erom both airborne and ground-based field campaigns during the 2004 Amazon dry season as part of the Tropical Forest and Fire Emissions Experiment (TROFFEE), Yokelson et al. quantified the volatile emissions from a pristine tropical forest and several plantations [168]. In addition to this the emissions, fuel consumption and fire ecology of tropical deforestation fires were also quantified. About 80% of the mass of non-methane organic compounds emitted by the tropical deforestation fires were found to be associated with reactive, oxygenated VOCs. Recommended values for the emission factors for most of the major compounds released by deforestation fires globally were provided. 

Chloroform, bromo-form, dichlorobromo-methane, dibromo-chloromethane Non volatile organic chlorine compounds... 

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