Volatile organic compounds detection

NECDF uses neutralization (hydrolysis) technology instead of incineration. Air emissions were determined to be the only potential source of risk to the surrounding population. The risk assessment approach developed for NECDF concluded that, based on the samples collected, no risk from air emissions exists at this site. Forty-eight chemicals of concern were expected to be present at trace levels. Four sampling events occurred during which none of the chemicals of concern were detected, nor were any volatile organic compounds detected (Rowden et al., 2006). 

B. Li, G. Sauve, M. C. lovu, M. Jeffries-EL, R. Zhang, J. Cooper, S. Santhanam, L. Schultz, J. C. Revelli, A. G. Kusne, et al. Volatile Organic Compound Detection Using Nanostructured Copolymers. Nano Lett. 2006,6,1598-1602. Q. Zhang, A. Cirpan, T. P. Russell, T. Emrick, Donor-Acceptor Poly(Thiophene-B/ock-Perylene Diimide) Copolymers Synthesis and Solar Cell Fabrication. Macromolecules 2009,42,1079-1082. 

Sarkar T, Srinives S, Sarkar S, Haddon RC, Mulchandani A. Single-walled carbon nano-tube-poly(porphyrin) hybrid for volatile organic compounds detection. J Phys Chem C 2014 118 1602-10. 

Patel SV, Mlsna TE, Fruhbeiger B, Klaassen E, Cemalovic S, Baselt DR (2003) Chemicapacitive microsensors for volatile organic compound detection. Sens Actuators B 96 541-553... 

Amperometric, which relies on the measurement of current. These sensors have been shown to be effective in a broad range of applications, such as volatile organic compounds detection in soils and groundwater, detection of mines and analytes detection in blood (Brotherton and Wheeler, 2012 Guenther et al., 2012). 

Li B, Sauve G et al (2006) Volatile organic compound detection using nanostructured copolymers. Nano Lett 6(8) 1598-1602... 

Some elevated outdoor air levels of triehloroethylene reported are associated with waste disposal sites. Average trichloroethylene levels of 0.08-2.43 ppb were detected in ambient air at six landfill sites in New Jersey the maximum concentration was 12.3 ppb (Harkov et al. 1985). Levels between 3.0 and 3.2 pg/m (0.56 ppb and 0.60 ppb) were found at a distance of 0.5-1.5 meters above the surface of a landfill known to contain halogenated volatile organic compounds in Germany (Koenig et al. 1987). 

Headspace analysis has also been used to determine trichloroethylene in water samples. High accuracy and excellent precision were reported when GC/ECD was used to analyze headspace gases over water (Dietz and Singley 1979). Direct injection of water into a portable GC suitable for field use employed an ultraviolet detector (Motwani et al. 1986). While detection was comparable to the more common methods (low ppb), recovery was very low. Solid waste leachates from sanitary landfills have been analyzed for trichloroethylene and other volatile organic compounds (Schultz and Kjeldsen 1986). Detection limits for the procedure, which involves extraction with pentane followed by GC/MS analysis, are in the low-ppb and low-ppm ranges for concentrated and unconcentrated samples, respectively. Accuracy and precision data were not reported. 

Ramsey JD, Flanagan RJ. 1982. Detection and identification of volatile organic compounds in blood by headspace gas chromatography as an aide to the diagnosis of solvent abuse. J Chromatogr 240 423-444. 

Bariain, C., Mati as, I.R., Romeo, L, Garrido, J. and Laguna, M. (2000) Detection of volatile organic compound vapors by using a vapochromic material on a tapered optical fiber. Applied Physics Letters, 77(15), 2274-2276. 

Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is compatible with high-speed separations. SPME-IR has been applied to VOCs in soil [156]. G6recki and Pawliszyn [69] reported separation of 28 volatile organic compounds listed in EPA method 624, with ITMS detection, in less than 150 s. 

Drapp B., Pauluth D., Krause J., Gauglitz G., The application of the phase transition in nematic liquid crystals for the optical detection of volatile organic compounds, Fresenius J Anal Chem, 1999, 364, 121-127. 

The second possibility to measure poor air quality is the detection of volatile organic compounds (VOC), but the number of different VOCs in room air is high, and often their impact on human health or comfort is not known. Additionally, the inconvenience caused by VOC s and smell is difficult to measure because it depends on human rating. 

Spaeth, K. Gauglitz, G., Characterisation of the optical properties of thin polymer films for their application in detection of volatile organic compounds, Mat. Sci. Eng. C. 1998, 5, 187 191... 

Limited data is available on the concentration of volatile organic compounds, semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from gasification processes. The data that is available indicate that VOCs, SVOCs, and PAHs are either non-detectable in flue gas streams from IGCC process or, in some cases where they were detected, they are at extremely low levels (on the order of parts per billion and lower). The analysis of syngas also indicates greater than 99.99 percent chlorobenzene and hexachlo-robenzene destruction and removal efficiencies and part per billion or less concentration of selected PAHs and VOCs.9-14... 

Chemical analysis of odorants in ambient air is hampered by the presence of a plethora of volatile organic compounds, which do not contribute to the odour. Nevertheless application of either powerful separation and identification techniques, such as the GC-MS combination, or specific GC-detection or absorption procedures allow qualitative and quantitative determination of odourants. Improvements are under way to achieve the sensitivity necessary for relevant immission concentrations, which go down to 0.1 ppb for some odorants. 

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