Ozone volatile organic compounds

Weschler, C. J., A. T. Hodgson, and J. D. Wooley, Indoor Chemistry Ozone, Volatile Organic Compounds, and Carpets, Environ. Sci. TechnoL, 26, 2371-2377 (1992b). 

JIS X 6936 2005 Information technology- Office equipment-Measurement of ozone, volatile organic compounds and dust emissions rate from copiers, printers and multifunction devices ECMA-328... 

Weschler, C.J. (1992) Indoor chemistry ozone, volatile organic compounds, and carpets. Environmental Science and Technology, 26, 2371-7. 

An example of air pollution in a confined space is the air in an airplane. The air in commercial airplanes contains reduced levels of oxygen, increased levels of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, ozone, volatile organic compounds and particulate matter. These contaminants have led to cockpit crew, cabin crew, and passenger complaints of headache, fatigue, fever, and respiratory difficulties. Another example of confined space air pollution is the release of solvent fumes when interior walls of buildings with inadequate air circulation are painted. ... 

Environmental chambers, Atmospheric chemical mechanisms, Ozone, Volatile organic compounds,... 

In 1966, the Los Angeles Air Pollution Control Board designated trichloroethylene as a photochemically reactive solvent that decomposes in the lower atmosphere, contributing to air pollution. In 1970 all states were requited to submit pollution control plans to EPA to meet national air quaUty standards. These plans, known as State Implementation Plans (SIPS), controlled trichloroethylene as a volatile organic compound (VOC). They were designed to have each state achieve the National Ambient Air QuaUty Standard (NAAQS) for ozone. The regulations were estabUshed to control the emission of precursors for ozone, of which trichloroethylene is one. 

Volatile organic compounds and other ozone precursors (CO... 

Carter, W. P. L., "Development of Ozone Reactivity Scales for Volatile Organic Compounds," EPA 600/3-91-050. U.S, Environmental Protection Agency, August 1991. 

Hundreds of chemical species are present in urban atmospheres. The gaseous air pollutants most commonly monitored are CO, O3, NO2, SO2, and nonmethane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs), Measurement of specific hydrocarbon compounds is becoming routine in the United States for two reasons (1) their potential role as air toxics and (2) the need for detailed hydrocarbon data for control of urban ozone concentrations. Hydrochloric acid (HCl), ammonia (NH3), and hydrogen fluoride (HF) are occasionally measured. Calibration standards and procedures are available for all of these analytic techniques, ensuring the quality of the analytical results... 

Ozone (Oj) a gas similar to oxygen that is a criteria air pollutant and a major constituent of smog. See also reactive organic compounds volatile organic compounds. 

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) organic compounds that vaporize readily and contribute to the development of ozone. Many VOCs are also hazardous air pollutants. See also reactive organic compounds. 

The purpose of work described here is to develop a coating which can be used on naval vessels for touch up purposes while a ship is underway. Radiation curable coatings are of special interest because of the extremely low level of volatile organic compounds emitted during curing. To be useful the coating should be Navy gray and suitable for application to cold surfaces. When used in confined spaces a further limitation is that the application should not produce ozone and for some Naval applications mercury is not... 

Gases that influence air quality such as C02, VOC (volatile organic compounds), humidity, ozone, radon, particles... 

The planned directive to limit volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from solvents has experienced a major step forward on its way to being implemented. The Council of European Environment Ministers was united on a common position regarding the draft directive. Provisions for VOC emissions are reviewed up to 2010. Sources of VOC emissions are discussed including fossil fuels and vegetation, as well as VOC contact with soil particles and sunlight, and ozone implications. 

VOC (VOCs) volatile organic com-pound(s) volatile organic compounds are regulated because they are precursors to ozone carbon-containing gases and vapors from... 

Volatile organic compounds (VOC) contribute to the formation of tropospheric ozone (summer smog). Certain halogenated hydrocarbons (e.g. CFCs) also destroy the stratospheric ozone layer. Chlorinated solvents are hazardous to water and, if disposed of incorrectly (e.g. burning), may emit highly toxic substances (e.g. dioxins). 

Among the chemicals regarded as air pollutants under the dehni-tion are carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen, sulfur dioxide, particulate matter, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), ozone, and lead. 

Ozone is produced in the atmosphere when oxides of nitrogen react with volatile organic compounds in the presence of sunlight. Control of ozone production is achieved, therefore, by use of systems designed to reduce the emissions of and VOCs, such as those described in the sections on these two pollutants. 

The CO P catalytic oxidation system is a complete prefabricated unit used to treat wastewater contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and high biological oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand. The system uses ozone, ultraviolet light, and hydrogen peroxide to create hydroxyl radicals used in oxidation. 

Today in many major urban areas around the world, air pollution is characterized more by the formation of ozone and other oxidants rather than by S02, particles, and sulfuric acid. In these regions, the primary pollutants are NOx (mainly NO) and volatile organic compounds (VOC), which undergo photochemical reactions in sunlight to form a host of secondary pollutants, the most prominent of which is Ov Some of these are... 

Finlayson-Pitts, B. J., and J. N. Pitts, Jr., Volatile Organic Compounds Ozone Formation, Alternative Fuels, and Toxics, Chem. Ind., 796-800, October (1993). 

As discussed in other chapters of this book and summarized in Chapter 16, the formation of tropospheric ozone from photochemical reactions of volatile organic compounds (VOC) and oxides of nitrogen (NC/) involves many reactions. Concentrations are therefore quite variable geographically, temporally, and altitudinally. Additional complications come from the fact that there are episodic injections of stratospheric 03 into the troposphere as well as a number of sinks for its removal. Because 03 decomposes thermally, particularly on surfaces, it is not preserved in ice cores. All of these factors make the development of a global climatology for 03 in a manner similar to that for N20 and CH4, for example, much more difficult. In addition, the complexity of the chemistry leading to O, formation from VOC and NOx is such that model-predicted ozone concentrations can vary from model to model (e.g., see Olson et al., 1997). 

Table 15.1 summarizes the major species of concern for indoor air pollution and some of their sources (Su, 1996). We focus in this chapter primarily on those species common to indoor and outdoor air environments, including oxides of nitrogen, volatile organic compounds (VOC), CO, ozone, the OH radical, S02, and particles. In addition, a brief discussion of radon is included since this has been one of the major foci of concern in the past with respect to indoor air pollution. 

As discussed in detail throughout this book, there is rich and complex chemistry involving volatile organic compounds (VOCs), oxides of nitrogen, and ozone in ambient air. One might therefore anticipate similar chemistry in indoor air environments, and although there are far fewer studies, this does indeed appear to be the case. Weschler and Shields (1997b) and Wolkoff et al. (1997, 1999) review VOC-NOx chemistry that could potentially be important in indoor air enviro-ments and the implications for human exposures. 

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