Enhanced biodegradation

In situations where conserved internal markers caimot be used, such as in spills of essentially pure compounds, the evidence for enhanced biodegradation may have to be more indirect. Oxygen consumption, increases in microbial activity or population, and carbon dioxide evolution have all been used with success. 

Bioventing. Bioventing is soil venting that enhances biodegradation while extracting volatile compounds from the unsaturated zone. 

Racke KD, DA Laskowski, MR Schultz (1990) Resistance of chloropyrifos to enhanced biodegradation in soil. J Agric Eood Chem 38 1430-1436. 

Racke KD, JR Coats (1990) Enhanced Biodegradation of Pesticides in the Environment. American Chemical Society Symposium Series 426. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC. 

Zaidi BR, Y Murakami, M Alexander (1988) Eactors limiting success of inoculation to enhance biodegradation of low concentrations of organic chemicals. Environ Sci Technol IT. 1419-1425. 

Boonchan S, ML Britz, GA Stanley (1998) Surfactant-enhanced biodegradation of high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Biotechnol Bioeng 59 480-494. 

Brodkorb TS, RL Legge (1992) Enhanced biodegradation of phenanthrene in soil tar-contaminated soils supplemented with Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Appl Environ Microbiol 58 3117-3121. 

Walter MV, EC Neilson, G Eirmstone, DG Martin, Ml Clayton, S Simpson, S Spaulding (1997) Surfactant enhances biodegradation of hydrocarbons microcosm and field study. J Soil Contam 6 61-77. 

Kellogg, S.T., Chatterjee, D.K., and Chakrabarty, A.M., Plasmid-assisted molecular breeding New techniques for enhanced biodegradation of persistent toxic chemicals, Science, 214, 1133-1135, 1981. 

ISCO In situ amendments to stimulate and enhance biodegradation Injection of chemicals such as ozone,... 

Much current research regarding the behavior of hydrogen sulfide in the environment involves developing methods to enhance biodegradation and transformation to less harmful products. 

Wagner, A., Cooper, S. and Riedlinger, M. (2005) Natural nanotubes enhance biodegradable and biocompatible nanocomposites. Industrial Biotechnology, 1, 190-193. 

Saxe JP, Lubenow BL, Chiu PC, Huang CP, Cha DK (2006) Enhanced biodegradation of azo dyes using an integrated elemental iron-activated sludge system effects of physical-chemical parameters. Wat Env Res 78 26-30... 

Goldstein RM, Mallory LM, Alexander M (1985) Reasons for possible failure of inoculation to enhance biodegradation. Appl Env Microbiol 50 977-983... 

Matthiessen J, Kirkegaard J (2006) Biofumigation and enhanced biodegradation opportunity and challenge in soilborne pest and disease management. Crit Rev Plant Sci 25 235-265. doi 10.1080/07352680600611543... 

FIGURE 10.11 Schematic showing natural attenuation scenarios for a contaminant plume when the plume is stable under low-permeability conditions (A), shrinking under high-permeability conditions (B), and reducing via enhanced biodegradation (C). 

Hinchee, R. E., Downey, D. C., and Beard, T., 1989, Enhancing Biodegradation of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Fuels through Soil Venting In Proceedings of the National Water Well Association Conference on Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Organic Chemicals in Ground-water Prevention, Detection and Restoration, November, pp. 235-248. 

Benzoic acid, a common food preservative, may be a suitable substrate to achieve biostimulation. It is a relatively inexpensive, harmless aromatic compound that has been previously used in analogue enrichment1 schemes to enhance biodegradation of the aromatic herbicide, 2,3,6-trichlorobenzoic acid (2,3,6-TBA) [336]. Benzoate ion is also an intermediate in the toluene pathway and it can induce related enzymes involved in the degradation of toluene and m-and p-xylenes [336]. In addition, the anionic nature of benzoic acid would minimize its retardation and facilitate its distribution when injected into an... 

Dick, W.A., Ankumah, R.O., McCltmg, G, and Abou-Assaf, N. Etrhanced degradation of 5-ethyl A,lV-dipropylcarbamothioate in soil and by an isolated soil nricroorganism in Enhanced Biodegradation of Pesticides in the Environment ACS Symposium Series 426, Racke, K.D. and Coats, J.R., Eds. (Washington, DC American Chenrical Society, 1990), pp. 98-112. 

Fogel, S., Lancione, R., Sewall, A., and Boething, R.S. Enhanced biodegradation of methoxychlor in soil under enhanced environmental conditions, Appl. Environ. Microbiol, 44(1) 113-120, 1982. 

Zaidi, B.R., Mnrakami, Y.. and Alexander, M. Predation and inhibitors in lake water affect the success of inoculation to enhance biodegradation of organic chenricals. Environ. Sci Technol, 23(7) 859-863, 1989. 

Enhances biodegradation of petrolenm prodncts and other organic waste contamination in soil, groundwater, or marine environments. 

OXY I is an oxygen injection system for remediation of organics-contaminated groundwater. The oxygen enhances biodegradation of the contaminants, particularly methyl tertiary butyl ether... 

In 1993, the cost of using hydrogen peroxide to enhance biodegradation was been reported to be as high as 2.81 to 4.63/kg of oxygen supplied (D13000N, p. 524 D13003Q, pp. 154-158). 

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