Volatile organic compounds carpets

Volatile organic compounds Building materials, carpets, solvents, paints, household... 

Hodgson, A. T., J. D. Wooley, and J. M. Daisey, Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds from New Carpets Measured in a Large-Scale Environmental Chamber, J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 43, 316-324 (1993). 

Weschler, C. J., A. T. Hodgson, and J. D. Wooley, Indoor Chemistry Ozone, Volatile Organic Compounds, and Carpets, Environ. Sci. TechnoL, 26, 2371-2377 (1992b). 

The use of building materials, furniture, carpets and household products produces an almost ubiquitous level of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in indoor air. Several hundred different compounds have been identified in the indoor environment. Since most air pollutants occur in low concentrations of 1-1000 rg/m3, highly sensitive detection methods as well as efficient separation methods are needed to analyze air samples (Barro et al., 2009). 

Uttle, J.C., Hodgson, A.T. and Gadgil, A.J. (1994) Modeling emissions of volatile organic-compounds from new carpets. Atmospheric Environment, 28 (2), 227-34. 

Colombo, A., Bortoli, M., Knoppel, H., Pecchio, E. andVissers, H. (1993) Adsorption of selected volatile organic compounds on a carpet, a wall coating,... 

Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted from Carpet Using a Specific Sorbent Tube and Thermal Desorption/Gas Chromatography... 

Weschler, C.J. (1992) Indoor chemistry ozone, volatile organic compounds, and carpets. Environmental Science and Technology, 26, 2371-7. 

Black, M.S., Pearson, W.). and Work, LM. (1991) Volatile organic compound emissions from carpet materials and their contribution to indoor air. American Industrial Hygiene Conference, May, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. Black, M.S., Pearson, W.J., Brown,). and Sadie, S. (1993a) Material selection for controlling IAQ in new construction. Proceedings of Indoor Air 93, Vol. 2, pp. 611-16. 

J.M. (1993) Emissions of volatile organic compounds from new carpets measured in large scale environmental chamber. Journal... 

Sorption phenomena are well described and documented in the basic scientific hterature [1] and standard physical chemistry texts [2-4]. Indoor air researchers first reported extensively on adsorption to and desorption from indoor surfaces in 1987 at the 4th International Conference on Indoor Air Quahty and Climate in Berlin where Seifert and Schmal [5] reported the sink effects of plywood and carpet exposed to lindane and a mixture of 20 volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The Berlin conference also provided data from two studies that examined the sink effect of textiles [6,7]. Finally, Skov and Valbjorn [8] reported on the seminal Danish town hall study. They concluded that sorption to and from large surface areas and fleecy materials was associated with lAQ problems. This work was followed up by Nielsen [9] at Healthy Buildings 88 in Stockholm, where he reviewed several studies on the importance of sorption processes on lAQ. Also in Stockholm, Berglund and her colleagues [10] provided an extensive hterature review and discussion of lAQ data leading to the conclusion that sink effects are important. They also provided the results of a study on adsorption and desorption in a ventilation system. Since then, numerous overviews have been presented on the importance of sink effects on lAQ [11,12]. 

Formaldehyde is one of several volatile organic compounds. Indoor sources of formaldehyde include particleboard, plywood, fibre board, panelling, urea formaldehyde foam insulation and some carpets and furniture, as well as some household chemicals. Formaldehyde is a well-known irritant of the upper respiratory tract. Other problems may include IgE sensitisation to formaldehyde, and the possibility that formaldehyde exposure increases the risk of IgE sensitisation to common aeroallergens. In a study in Australia it was shown that low-level exposure to indoor formaldehyde may increase the risk of IgE sensitisation to common aeroallergens in school children [311(111)]. 

Van der Wal J.F., Hoogeveen A.W. and Wouda P. (1997) The influence of temperature on the emission of volatile organic compounds from PVC flooring, carpet and paint. Indoor Air, 7, 215-221. 

Seifert B., Ullrich D. and Nagel R. (1989) Volatile organic compounds from carpeting. Proceedings of the 8 World Clean Air Congress, The Hague, The Netherlands, Vol. 1, 253-258,... 

Most air contaminants refer to substances contained in vapors from paint, cleaning substances, pesticides, solvents, particulate materials, outdoor air pollutants, and other airborne substances. Healthcare facilities must be aware that new carpet and particle board can release volatile organic compounds such as formaldehyde. Healthcare facilities must also contend with a number of other potential contaminants such as antibiotics and antineoplastic drugs. Healthcare facilities must also... 

A review is presented of topics covered at the Evolving Latex Market meeting organised by the Belgium Plastics and Rubber Institute, in which problems of volatile organic compounds in carpets, extractable proteins in foam mattresses and gloves, and aniline content in mattresses, were discussed. Papers presented demonstrated that suppliers of synthetic latices have successfully modified their materials to tackle environmental problems. BELGIAN PLASTICS RUBBER INSTITUTE... 

Chemical contamination (indoors) Chemicals that contain volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been identified as a potential source for SBS claims. Adhesives, carpeting, and cleaning agents have the potential to contain VOC. Any type of equipment that combusts or can combust material will also give off a certain amount of VOC. This equipment can include space heaters, heat guns, gas heaters, and wood stoves. 

Sources of chemical contributions to indoor air can come from ambient air through open windows and through the HVAC system. However, this is usually a minor component of indoor air contamination, becanse the amount of air entering a structure from outside is usually small relative to the amount of air in the structure. Other sources of chemicals to indoor air include household cleaners and furniture. New furniture and carpeting contains formaldehyde, a solvent that volatilizes into indoor air. Several other volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are common sonrces of chemicals in indoor air, as shown in table 10.3. 

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