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Scale-ups

Remer, D. S., and Chai, L. H., Design Cost Factors for Scaling-up Engineering Equipment, Chem. Engg. Progr., 86 Aug. 77, 1990. [Pg.426]

TATTERSON Fluid Mixing and Gas Dispersion in Agitated Tanks TATTERSON Scale-up of Industrial Mixing Processes VVILLIG Environmental TQM... [Pg.462]

First she lists the equipment, next the reagents.. Also, noted are the book s quantity and her dream of a 5x scale up ... [Pg.66]

The above dream was scaled up in exact portions, as it was her first Her next dream had some variations to weights and measures, plus a longer reaction time... [Pg.70]

The above synthesis, although performed on a small scale, is easily scaled up to industrial size (French Pat. 2,669,922, CA 118 P6734U). It is a general procedure for substituting aryl-Br with -OMe or -OEt, giving us the possibility to produce other compounds from already known substances, e.g bromination of MDA yields 6-Br-MDA. This is converted by the above procedure to MMDA-2, 133, active at 25-50mg, 8-12 hrs. [Pg.178]

All of this careful addition is to keep the reaction from starting before the bomb is sealed. It is also important to note that the chemist must scale up or scale down the amount of reactants so that the total amount of all the ingredients consumes no less than 90 of the volume space of her particular pipe bomb. Too much head space with its atmospheric air will lower the yield. The bomb is heated in an oil bath or oven at 105-115°C for 18-24 hours and the contents are then distilled with the 1,3 benzodioxole coming over at about 170-175°C with no vacuum, Alternatively, the chemist can only distill off the methanol, wash with dilute NaOH solution and extract with ether, etc. [Pg.216]

As a result of a variable liquid-junction potential, the measured pH may be expected to differ seriously from the determined from cells without a liquid junction in solutions of high acidity or high alkalinity. Merely to affirm the proper functioning of the glass electrode at the extreme ends of the pH scale, two secondary standards are included in Table 8.14. In addition, values for a 0.1 m solution of HCl are given to extend the pH scale up to 275°C [see R. S. Greeley, Anal. Chem. 32 1717 (I960)] ... [Pg.931]

The change in interaction energy per 1,2 pair is thus h. Aw. Next we must consider how this scales up for a large array of molecules, and particularly how to describe the concentration dependence of the result. [Pg.522]

S. M. Wheelwright, Protein Purification Design and Scale-up of Downstream Processing, Hanser PubHshers, Munich, Germany, 1991, pp. 1—9, 61, 213—217. [Pg.57]

Little is known of the market for acetyl chloride. The production and sales are beUeved to be small, but may have potential for very large scale-up. The total U.S. market may amount to only 500 t annually. Acetyl chloride must be shipped in polyethylene-lined dmms having capacities of only 220 L it must be labeled as a corrosive substance. Acetyl chloride generated captively from purchased raw materials probably has a unit value of no more than 0.92—0.95/kg. Shipping costs and other factors set the price at about 3/kg for the commercial trade. [Pg.82]

After development of a new process scheme at laboratory scale, constmction and operation of pilot-plant faciUties to confirm scale-up information often require two or three years. An additional two to three years is commonly required for final design, fabrication of special equipment, and constmction of the plant. Thus, projections of raw material costs and availabiUty five to ten years into the future become important in adopting any new process significantly different from the current technology. [Pg.152]

Eor design of a large-scale commercial extractor, the pilot-scale extractor should be of the same type as that to be used on the large scale. Reflable scale-up for industrial-scale extractors still depends on correlations based on extensive performance data collected from both pilot-scale and large-scale extractors covering a wide range of Hquid systems. Only limited data for a few types of large commercial extractors are available in the Hterature. [Pg.72]

Scale-up and performance of a 1.47-m Scheibel column have been reported (98,154,155), as have detailed description and design criteria for the Scheibel column (156) and scale-up procedures (157). The same stage efficiency can be maintained on scale-up, and total throughput can be increased by three and one-half times at the expense of higher HETS. As of this writing, Scheibel columns up to 2.75 m in diameter are in service. [Pg.76]

The rotating-disk contactor (RDC), developed in the Netherlands (158) in 1951, uses the shearing action of a rapidly rotating disk to interdisperse the phases (Eig. 15b). These contactors have been used widely throughout the world, particularly in the petrochemical industry for furfural [98-01-1] and SO2 extraction, propane deasphalting, sulfolane [126-33-0] extraction for separation of aromatics, and caprolactam (qv) [105-60-2] purification. Columns up to 4.27 m in diameter are in service. An extensive study (159) has provided an excellent theoretical framework for scale-up. A design manual has also been compiled (160). Detailed descriptions and design criteria for the RDC may also be found (161). [Pg.76]

The Oldshue-Rushton column (Eig. 15d) was developed (162) in the early 1950s and has been widely used in the chemical industry. It consists essentially of a number of compartments separated by horizontal stator-ring baffles, each fitted with vertical baffles and a turbine-type impeller mounted on a central shaft. Columns up to 2.74 m in diameter have been reported in service (162—167). Scale-up is reported to be reliably predictable (168) although only limited performance data are available (169). A detailed description and review of design criteria are available (170). [Pg.76]

B. F. Warner, joint symposium. The Scaling-Up of Chemical Plant and Processes, London, 1957, p. 44. [Pg.84]

Scale-Up Proceduresfor a Scheibel Extraction Column, NTIS Report No. DE3-013576, National Technical Information Service, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C., 1983. [Pg.84]

One of the areas critical to the MCVD process was understanding the chemistry of the oxidation reactions. It was necessary to control the incorporation of Ge02 while minimizing OH formation. Additionally, understanding the mechanism of particle formation and deposition was critical to further scale-up of the process. [Pg.253]

Although this first route was simple in concept, it proved slow in operation, difficult to scale up safely, and relatively uneconomical compared with the other routes. Denitration of the fibers, necessary to allow safe use wherever the fabrics may risk ignition, spoiled their strength and appearance. Nevertheless, Chardoimet earned and truly deserved his reputation as the Eather of Rayon. His process was operated commercially until 1949 when the last factory, bought from the Tubize Co. in the United States in 1934 by a Bra2iUan company, burned down. [Pg.344]

The scale-up of conventional cake filtration uses the basic filtration equation (eq. 4). Solutions of this equation exist for any kind of operation, eg, constant pressure, constant rate, variable pressure—variable rate operations (2). The problems encountered with scale-up in cake filtration are in estabHshing the effective values of the medium resistance and the specific cake resistance. [Pg.392]

The axial filter (Oak Ridge National Laboratory) (30) is remarkably similar to the dynamic filter in that both the rotating filter element and the outer shell are also cylindrical. An ultrafiltration module based on the same principle has also been described (31). Unlike the disk-type European dynamic filters described above, the cylindrical element models are not so suitable for scale-up because they utilize the space inside the pressure vessel poorly. [Pg.410]


See other pages where Scale-ups is mentioned: [Pg.2]    [Pg.116]    [Pg.341]    [Pg.476]    [Pg.102]    [Pg.655]    [Pg.66]    [Pg.68]    [Pg.68]    [Pg.95]    [Pg.89]    [Pg.8]    [Pg.34]    [Pg.42]    [Pg.42]    [Pg.267]    [Pg.386]    [Pg.6]    [Pg.70]    [Pg.72]    [Pg.73]    [Pg.75]    [Pg.76]    [Pg.77]    [Pg.77]    [Pg.164]    [Pg.352]    [Pg.388]    [Pg.388]    [Pg.392]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.322 ]




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A Parenteral Drug Scale-Up

A Quasi-Continuous Granulation and Drying Process (QCGDP) to Avoid Scale-Up Problems

An Alternative Viewpoint For Scale-up

Analysis of Granulation Rate Processes and Implications for Scale-Up

Application of Scale-Up Methods in Pharmaceutical Engineering

Application of Scale-Up in Stirred Vessels

Aspects Concerning the Scale-up

Basic Ideas of Scale-up

Bioprocess Scale-Up

Bowens general scale-up method

Challenges in Developing and Scaling Up Chemical Processes

Chromatographic Scale-Up Procedures

Column Scale-Up

Comments on the Use of Simulation for Scale-up and Reactor Performance Studies

Common Scale-Up Factors

Consequences of Scale-up

Cost, Cleanliness, Scale-up, and Safety Considerations

Criteria for Scaling-Up Fermentors

Criteria of Scale-Up

Demonstration of Up-scaled Hydrogen Production by Palladium-based Membrane Reactors

Dimensionless Scale-up of Equipment

Direct scale-up

Easy Scale-Up

Economics and Scale-Up

Effect of Scale-up on Reactor Performance

Effects of Reactor Scale-up On Controllability

Electrode Materials and Scale-Up of Microbial Fuel Cells

Energy Required and Scale-up

Engineering Scale-up for Hydrogen Transport Membranes

Engineering and Scale-up Aspects

Equipment Scale-up and Modelling

Evaluation of scale-up coefficients

Example 3 Scaling up the System Application to Industrial Production

Example of Scale-up through Concurrent Modeling

Examples of Process Scale-Up

Experimental Demonstration of the Novel Process Concept in a Pilot-Scale Set-Up

Experimental methods for scale-up

Experiments necessary for scale-up

Extraction scale-up for mass transfer

Factors in equipment scale-up and design

Fermentation up-scaling

Fluidized Bed Scale-up

Fundamental Challenges of MicroChannel Scale-up

Further Scale-Up of O2 Production Systems

Gasifier Scale-Up

Heat Transfer Scale-Up Considerations

Hydrocyclone selection and scale-up

Immobilized Enzyme Bioreactor Design and Scale-Up

Industrial Scale-Up of Ortho Metalation Reactions

Integrating Strategy as General Scale-Up Concept in Bioprocessing

Laboratory data and scale-up

Method development scouting and scale-up

Microbiology of Salinispora tropica, Fermentation and Scale-up

Model experiments and scale-up

Modeling, Design, and Scale-up

NO2 and dust Classic for local to regional up-scaling

New Approach to the Scale-Up Problem in Tumbling Blenders

Optimization and Scale-Up of the DERA Reaction

Optimization of culture parameters and scale-up

Overall Scale-up Factor

Overcoming the Scale-up Challenges

Packed-Tower Scale-up

Parameters for Scale-up

Particle Motion and Scale-up

Practical Considerations in the Scale-Up of Powder-Filled Hard Shell Capsule Formulations

Practical aspects of reactor design and scale-up

Process Complexities in Scale-up

Process Development and Scale Up

Process Scale-up and Design Considerations

Process characteristic of the foam centrifuge and its scale-up

Process development and scale up for microbial PHA production

Prospects for Scale-Up

Reaction Scale-up

Reaction Simulation Studies as Aid for Further Scale-Up

Roller Compaction Scale-Up

Scale Methyl Acrylate Oxidation Reaction and Work-Up

Scale build up

Scale up of preparation

Scale up to humans

Scale-Up Approaches

Scale-Up Background

Scale-Up Based on Data from Existing Production Plant

Scale-Up Considerations for Biotechnology-Derived Products

Scale-Up Considerations in Granulation

Scale-Up From Bench to Plant

Scale-Up and Interpretation

Scale-Up and Monitoring of the Wet Granulation Process

Scale-Up for Heat Transfer

Scale-Up for Mixing

Scale-Up in Batch and Continuous-Flow

Scale-Up in Chemical Engineering

Scale-Up in Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering

Scale-Up in Co-Rotating Twin Screw Extruders

Scale-Up in Nature

Scale-Up in the Field of Granulation and Drying

Scale-Up of Analytical Methods

Scale-Up of Bench-Unit Kinetic Data

Scale-Up of Calcium Polyphosphate Fibers

Scale-Up of Centrate Clarity Limiting Applications

Scale-Up of Chromatography Columns

Scale-Up of Closed Loop Recycling Chromatography

Scale-Up of Drying Processes

Scale-Up of Electrochemical Reactors

Scale-Up of Elution Chromatography

Scale-Up of Enzymatic Processes

Scale-Up of Extrusion and Spheronization

Scale-Up of Film Coating

Scale-Up of Fluidized Bed Granulators

Scale-Up of Heterogeneous Systems

Scale-Up of High-Shear Mixer Granulators

Scale-Up of Kinetic Data

Scale-Up of PTC Systems

Scale-Up of Reactors

Scale-Up of Solid Dosage Forms Colleen E. Ruegger, Alan Royce, Matthew J. Mollan, Jr., Robert Wagner, Stephen Valazza, and Mark Mecadon

Scale-Up of Sonochemical Reactors

Scale-Up of Upstream Operations

Scale-Up of a Batch Reactor

Scale-Up of the Compaction and Tableting Process

Scale-Up of the Conventional Fluidized Bed Spray Granulation Process

Scale-Up on Process Performance and Product Quality

Scale-up

Scale-up

Scale-up Based on Energy

Scale-up Concerns

Scale-up Example for Storage

Scale-up Fermentation and Process Control of Bioisoprene

Scale-up Production

Scale-up Protocols

Scale-up Rules for Dilute Systems

Scale-up Studies in Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation

Scale-up Under Conditions of Partial Similarity

Scale-up and Differential Expansion

Scale-up and Operation

Scale-up and Production

Scale-up and Reproducibility

Scale-up and Testing of Mixers

Scale-up and pilot plants

Scale-up and post approval changes

Scale-up and post approval changes SUPAC)

Scale-up changes

Scale-up concept

Scale-up considerations

Scale-up correlation

Scale-up criteria

Scale-up design

Scale-up example

Scale-up factor

Scale-up from laboratory

Scale-up from pilot plant

Scale-up in Chemical Engineering. Marko Zlokarnik

Scale-up in reactor design

Scale-up issues

Scale-up law

Scale-up methods

Scale-up of Agitated Centrifugal Mixers

Scale-up of Batch Mixers

Scale-up of Bioreactors

Scale-up of Continuous Mixers

Scale-up of Cyclones

Scale-up of Electrolytic Reactors

Scale-up of HNL-Catalyzed Cyanohydrin Formation

Scale-up of Industrial Equipment

Scale-up of Ionic Liquid Synthesis

Scale-up of Manufacturing Expenses

Scale-up of Ribbon Mixers

Scale-up of Single Phase Non-Reactive Turbulent Stirred Tanks

Scale-up of Stirred-Tank Batch Reactors-Runaway Reactions

Scale-up of Two-Phase Reactions

Scale-up of Vent Size Package (VSP) Results

Scale-up of bubble column

Scale-up of bubble column reactors

Scale-up of chemical processes

Scale-up of crystallization process

Scale-up of crystallizers

Scale-up of liquid mixing systems

Scale-up of mechanical foam breakers

Scale-up of methods employing solvents

Scale-up of microwave-assisted organic synthesis

Scale-up of mixing systems

Scale-up of procedure

Scale-up of production

Scale-up of solvent-free methods

Scale-up of steam reforming technology

Scale-up of stirred vessels

Scale-up of suspension polymerization reactors

Scale-up of systems

Scale-up of the homogenization process

Scale-up on Actual Area

Scale-up on Cake Discharge

Scale-up on Rate

Scale-up on a Pilot SFC Unit

Scale-up possibilities

Scale-up principle

Scale-up problem

Scale-up procedures

Scale-up process

Scale-up ratios

Scale-up risk

Scale-up rule

Scale-up run

Scale-up strategies

Scale-up technical illustrations

Scale-up techniques

Scale-up technology

Scale-up to pilot plant

Scale-up, Flow Distribution and Interface to the Macroscopic World

Scale-up, mixing

Scaling Up Stirred Tanks

Scaling Up Stirred Tanks with Boiling

Scaling Up Test Results

Scaling Up Tubular Reactors

Scaling Up from Laboratory Data

Scaling Up of Microbial Fuel Cells

Scaling up Ionic Liquid Technology from Laboratory to Continuous Pilot Plant Operation

Scaling up of chromatographic separations

Scaling up of dispersion processes

Scaling up of trickle-bed reactors

Scaling up process

Scaling, Up or Down

Scaling-Up Of A Heterogeneous Photocatalytic Reactor With Radiation Absorption And Scattering

Scaling-Up of A Homogeneous Photochemical Reactor With Radiation Absorption

Scaling-Up of Thermoplastic Starch Extrusion

Scaling-Up the Coating Process

Scaling-up Fixed Bed Operations

Scaling-up of Ionic Liquid Synthesis

Scaling-up, criterion for

Scheme for the Scale-up of Electrochemical Reactors

Selection and Scale-up of Solids Batch Mixing Equipment

Short introduction to dimensional analysis and scale-up

Simple Dewatering and Torque Scale-Up

Smart Scale-up

Solution and Scale-up Issues

Special Scale-Up Considerations

Specialized (scale-up) culture systems

Stack Scale-Up

Stage V. Process Scale-up The Moment of Truth

Strategy for Scaling-up of SEC

Technology Transfer and Scale-Up

Testing and Scale-Up

The Effect of Scale-up on Mass Transfer

The Scale-Up Conundrum

The Scale-up of Real Batch Reactors

The Scaling-up Process

Theoretical Solutions of Fuel Cell Scaling-Up Issues

Transfer Coefficients and Interfacial Areas in Absorber Scale-Up

Understanding Scale-Up (-Down) in Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering

Up scaling

Up scaling

Up-Scaling Photochemical Reactions (Braun, Jakob, Oliveros, Oiler do Nascimento)

Up-scaling a Necessity

Up-scaling towards commercialization of polymer electrolyte-based dye-sensitized solar cells

Use of Dimensionless Groups in Scale-Up

Wall shear stress-flow characteristic curves and scale-up

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