Pipe bombs

Now, contrary to popular opinions, this method need not be conducted in a sealed pipe bomb. Secondary amination by substitution is as much a reaction of opportunity as it is of brute force and heat. In fact, heating can tend to cause the reformation of safrole and isosafrole. So the simplest way to do this would be to use 500mL of ammonium hydroxide or alcoholic ammonia or, for those wishing to make MDMA or meth, 40% aqueous methylamine or alcoholic methylamine (to tell you the truth, methylamine is preferable in this method because it is more reactive that ammonia so yield will increase). This 500mL is placed in a flask and into it is poured a solution of 35g bromosafrole (30g phenylisopropyl-bromide) mixed with 50mL methanol. The flask is stoppered and stirred at room temperature for anywhere from 3 to 7 days. The chemist could also reflux the same mixture for 6-12 hours or she could throw the whole mix into a sealed pipe bomb (see How to Make section) and cook it for 5 hours in a 120-130°C oil bath. 

METHOD 2 [89]--1M MDA or benzedrine and 1M benzaldehyde is dissolved in 95% ethanol (Everclear), stirred, the solvent removed by distillation then the oil vacuum distilled to give 95% yellow oil which is a Schiff base intermediate. 1M of this intermediate, plus 1M iodomethane, is sealed in a pipe bomb that s dumped in boiling water for 5 hours giving an orangy-red heavy oil. The oil is taken up in methanol, 1/8 its volume of dH20 is added and the solution refluxed for 30 minutes. Next, an equal volume of water is added and the whole solution boiled openly until no more odor of benzaldehyde is detected (smells like almond extract). The solution is acidified with acetic acid, washed with ether (discard ether), the MDMA or meth freebase liberated with NaOH and extracted with ether to afford a yield of 90% for meth and 65% for MDMA. That s not a bad conversion but what s with having to use benzaldehyde (a List chemical) Strike wonders if another aldehyde can substitute. 

Technically, the chemist could avoid the complex glassware apparatus of this procedure for a more crude approach [104]. This report shows some dudes de-methylating an amphetamine with concentrated HCI in a pressure cooker. A similar approach with good yields was also employed in ref. 83 and should work as well or better on guaiacol. Hydroiodic acid or hydrobromic acid will work better than hydrochloric acid but, you know, whatever floats the chemist s boat. To do this the chemist can just plain reflux HI or HBr with the guaiacol for a few hours and process as before or she can use HI, HBr or HCI and place the reactants in a pipe bomb for a few hours. 

METHOD 3 [109]—1 part guaiacol and 2.5 parts MesSiSNa in 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazoline heated at 185°C in a sealed pipe bomb gives 80-96% catechol. 

All of this careful addition is to keep the reaction from starting before the bomb is sealed. It is also important to note that the chemist must scale up or scale down the amount of reactants so that the total amount of all the ingredients consumes no less than 90 of the volume space of her particular pipe bomb. Too much head space with its atmospheric air will lower the yield. The bomb is heated in an oil bath or oven at 105-115°C for 18-24 hours and the contents are then distilled with the 1,3 benzodioxole coming over at about 170-175°C with no vacuum, Alternatively, the chemist can only distill off the methanol, wash with dilute NaOH solution and extract with ether, etc. 

The experiments were conducted batchwise in small stainless-steel pipe-bombs immersed in a molten-salt bath that was maintained at a desired, constant temperature. Pipe-bomb heat-up and quench times, on the order of 1 min each, were negligible compared with reaction times, which were on the order of 1 hr. The reagents used were obtained commercially all were of purity > 98% except for the A2-dialin which had a composition of ( 0)> 0 0 9 Q)) = 9 20, 64) mol%. The proportions of sub-... 

J.C. Oxley, J.L. Smith and E. Resende, Determining explosivity Part 2 comparison of small-scale cartridge tests to actual pipe bombs , J. Forensic Sci., 46 (2001) 1070—1075. 

As discussed in the history section, chlorates have been long utilized by terrorist groups for small bombing attacks. Sodium chlorate is a very common weed killer throughout many European countries. The mixture of sodium chlorate and nitrobenzene (CO-OP) by PIRA was discussed earlier. Most commonly, chlorate is mixed with sugar to make an explosive filler for pipe bombs. 

C) Disc Method of Hercules Powder Company. In this test procedure, the expl is loaded into steel pipe bombs 1 or 2 in diam and of varying wall thickness from 1/8 to 1/4". Instead of the usual screw cap, a base plate can be welded to the bomb, or omitted, and the assembly can be backed... 

The use of pipe bombs in criminal bombings has increased from about 28% (of all bombs) in 1975 to about 37% in 1977... 

A 0.01-g sample of crude gunpowder was collected from the site of a pipe bomb detonation. Analysis told us the sample was 20% sulfur by mass. The estimate of the amount of gunpowder used was 0.350 kg (less than lb). Calculate (a) the mass (g) of sulfur obtained to produce the bomb, (i>)molS, and (c) number of atoms S. 

The practical consequences of these studies was the discovery that solutions suitable for ion chromatography must be diluted before CZE. This analytical strategy was tested with pipe bomb fragments experimentally prepared with different explosive mixtures (potassium chlorate-Vaseline, black powder, smokeless powder, a mixture of black and smokeless powders) and detonated. Fragments from bombs were extracted with water, filtered, and analyzed. Dual-ion chromatography and CZE analysis were carried out with concordant results. 

Pipe bombs Gunpowder Molotov cocktails Aircraft improvised (guided missiles)... 

No steel Lecture Bottles of laboratory gases were available then, only a sawdust-filled wooden box of ancient Kahlbaum five hundred ml ampoule botdes of liquid phosgene, which had lain, ance the twenties, behind the Old Chemistry Building where they could be quite cool. Phosgene boils at 8°C and could be managed at ice temperatures well enough. But, we had no fiime hoods. The situation was not very healthful. .. I constructed some small (100 ml) metal pipe bombs with valves fiar the phosgene and transferred it carefully from the ampoule, cooled in ice water. I did this several times for Sam. [A.A. Benson correspondence to me.]... 

Empty C02 cartridges can be used as mini bombs or grenades, ellher singly or In groups attached to a central pipe bomb or grenade device. 

Pipe Bomb-made from prethreaded plastic tube... 

A simple iTortar can be made from a shotgun of any gauge. It can deliver almost any type of bomb. Including incendiaries. pipe bombs, mtotov cocktails even the CO2 bomb detailed In Issue /I. 

Here s a neat little device that can launch a 2 lb. pipe bomb 100 yards or more, depending upon the thrower. Use a pipe bomb with a 10 ... 

What kind of accuracy can you expect with this launching system7lwas able CO hit a 2 foot square target after only a few practice throws at 50 yards, t can only throw the same pipe bomb the normal way about 25 yards. Some friends who stopped by to see what I was doing managed to throw the inert pipe bomb about 100 yards. Your performance will vary under different conditions and will Improve with practice. Use sand Instead of explosives for the filler when practicing. 

Last year, the squad raided an Escondido house after a 17-year-oId boy blew himself up with homemade explosives. Ten pipe bombs and a how-to text titled "Improvised Munitions Slack Book" were found. 

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