Overcoming the Scale-up Challenges

The scale-up challenges for microchannel reactors are addressed through integrated mathematical models to describe all elements of the physics. Integrated 

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In SSF processes, the major challenges to overcome in scale-up are heat and mass transfer effects. Because of respiration, there is accumulation of heat, which increases the temperature of the fermenting bed. The heterogeneous nature of... 

The scaling up of membrane technologies is the most challenging yet important task. Design and engineering problems have to be overcome before dense ceramic MRs will find extensive commercial applications. 

All the reported studies indicate that low frequency ultrasound can enhance the filtration process and improve membrane cleaning efficiency to some extent. However, reducing energy losses, increasing the efficiency of the ultrasound and system scale-up are challenges that need to be overcome before serious commercial application can be considered. 

For scale up [53,54], the reactions presented three main challenges (i) if the anode reaction involves oxidation of the aprotic solvent, a complex mixture of products would result and the system would become very messy (ii) the current density for selective conversion is limited by the solubility of carbon dioxide and (iii) the conductivity of the media is poor. However, these problems were overcome by ... 

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