Glycosaminoglycan

Glycosaminoglycans Glycose Glyco Serve Glycosidases Glycoside Glycosides... 

There are other glycosaminoglycans. Hyaluronic acid [9004-61-9] occurs both free and in noncovalent association with proteoglycan molecules. Heparin [9005-49-6] and heparan sulfate [39403-40-2] also known as heparitin sulfate [9050-30-0] occur in mast cells and in the aorta, Hver, and lungs. 

Compounds with similar stmctures, ie, polysaccharide chains covalentiy attached to polypeptide chains, but where the polysaccharides are not glycosaminoglycans, are found commonly in plants and are known as protein-polysaccharides. 

FIGURE 9.31 The known proteoglycans include a variety of structures. The carbohydrate groups of proteoglycans are predominantly glycosaminoglycans O-linked to serine residues. Proteoglycans include both soluble proteins and integral transmembrane proteins. 

Proteoglycan Glycosaminoglycan Protein M, Number of Amino Acid Residues... 

FIGURE 9.32 Proteoglycans serve a variety of functions on the cytoplasmic and extracellular surfaces of the plasma membrane. Many of these functions appear to involve the binding of specific proteins to the glycosaminoglycan groups. 

Danaparoid (Orgaran mean MW, 6,000 Da) is a mixture of nonheparin glycosaminoglycans derived from pig gut (dermatan sulfate, heparan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate). Die anti-Xa/anti-IIa ratio (22 1) is even greater than seen with LMWH. Die anti-IIa effect may be mediated in part by dermatan sulfate, which catalyzes thrombin inhibition by heparin cofactor II. 

For polysaccharides containing a substantial proportion of amino sugar residues, the term polysaccharide is adequate, although the term glycosaminoglycan may be used where particular emphasis is desired. 

D-Xylose Wood gums, proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans. Constituent of glycoproteins. ... 

Amino Sugars (Hexosamines) Are Components of Glycoproteins, Gangliosides, Glycosaminoglycans... 

Figure 13-14. Structure of some complex polysaccharides and glycosaminoglycans.

Lindahl U, Hook M Glycosaminoglycans and their binding to biological macromolecules. Annu RevBiochem 1978 47 385. 

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