Dermatan sulfates

Enzymes for Liming and Bating. An important discovery (79) for the leather industry was the close relationship between the amount of dermatan sulfate removed and the degree of opening up. Until this discovery, the use of enzymes during the liming and unhairing steps was not considered worthwhile. 

Dermatan sulfate (condroitin sulfate B from pig skin) [54328-33-5 (Na salt)]. Purified by digestion with papain and hyaluronidase, and fractionation using aqueous EtOH. [Gifonelli and Roden Biochem Prep 12 1 1968.]... 

Heparin (from pig intestinal mucosa) [9005-49-6] Mr -3,000, amorphous, [a]p - + 55° (H2O). Most likely contaminants are mucopolysaccharides including heparin sulfate and dermatan sulfate. Purified by pptn with cetylpyridinium chloride from saturated solutions of high ionic strength. [Cifonelli and Roden Biochem Prep 12 12 1968.]... 

CS, chondroitin sulfate DS, dermatan sulfate HS, heparan sulfate (an analog of heparin) ... 

Danaparoid (Orgaran mean MW, 6,000 Da) is a mixture of nonheparin glycosaminoglycans derived from pig gut (dermatan sulfate, heparan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate). Die anti-Xa/anti-IIa ratio (22 1) is even greater than seen with LMWH. Die anti-IIa effect may be mediated in part by dermatan sulfate, which catalyzes thrombin inhibition by heparin cofactor II. 

Mucopolysaccharidoses Hurler, Scheie, MPSI a-L-lduronidase Dermatan sulfate, heparan sulfate... 

The intima of the arterial wall contains hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, and heparan sulfate proteoglycans. Of these proteoglycans, dermatan sulfate binds plasma low-density lipoproteins. In addition, dermatan sulfate appears to be the major GAG synthesized by arterial smooth muscle cells. Because it is these cells that profiferate in atherosclerotic lesions in arteries, dermatan sulfate may play an important role in development of the atherosclerotic plaque. 

CS-PG, chondroitin sulfate-proteoglycan these are similar to the dermatan sulfate PGs (DS-PGs) of cartilage ffable 48-11). SPARC, secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine. 

The core proteins of DS-PG I and DS-PG II are homologous to those of CS-PG I and CS-PG II found In bone (Table 48-9). A possible explanation Is that osteoblasts lack the epimerase required to convert glucuronic acid to Iduronic acid, the latter of which Is found In dermatan sulfate. 

The major GAGs are hyaluronic acid, chondroitin 4- and 6-sulfates, keratan sulfates I and II, heparin, heparan sulfate, and dermatan sulfate. 

Fig. 34.—Circular Dichroism of Glycosaminoglycans (a) Hyaluronic Acid (b) Heparan Sulfate from Normal Mammalian Tissue (c) Chondroitin 4-Sulfate (d) Dermatan Sulfate ...

Danaparoid sodium Prepared from animal gut mucosa contains heparin sulfate (84%), dermatan sulfate (12%), and chondroitin sulfate (4%)... 

The activation of a chemokine receptor is more complex than the traditional agonist-receptor paradigm. For example, chemokine activity is mediated by GAGs (heparin, heparan, and heparin sulfate chondroitin sulfate and dermatan sulfate) at various sites during the chemotactic process. Chemokines released by tissue injury, infection, or inflammation activate adjacent endothelial cells and induce rolling and extravasation of leukocytes. These interactions between... 

Contamination from other L-iduronic acid-containing glycosaminoglycans (dermatan sulfate and heparan sulfate species) cannot usually be lowered below the 1-2% level, unless repeated precipitations or treatments with resin are made. As will be discussed in Section VIII, extensive... 

TJ Racey, P Rochon, F Mori, GA Neville. Examination of a possible role of dermatan sulfate in the aggregation of commercial heparin samples. J Pharm Sci 78 214-218, 1989. 

Heparin cofactor II, when activated by binding to glycosaminoglycans (dermatan sulfate, heparins, and heparin), inhibits thrombin (24). The 43-kDa serpin, proteinase nexin 1, possesses 30% sequence homology with ATIII and can be activated by binding to heparin to inhibit several serine proteinases including thrombin (25). Proteinase nexin 2 is found within the platelet a-granule and is released when platelets are activated (26). It is able to inhibit factor XIa. 

Barzu T, Level M, Petitou M, Lormeau J-C, J. Choay J, Schols D, Baba M, Pauwels R, Witvrouw M, De Clercq E. Preparation and anti-HIV activity of O-acylated heparin and dermatan sulfate derivatives with low anticoagulant effect. J Med Chem 1993 36 3546-3555. 

---