Glycosaminoglycans interactions with proteins

Gandhi, N. S. and Mancera, R. L. (2008). The structure of glycosaminoglycans and their interactions with proteins. Chem. Biol. Drug Des. 72, 455 489. 

Shipp EL, Hsieh-Wilson LC. Profiling the sulfation specificities of glycosaminoglycan interactions with growth factors and chemotac-tic proteins using microarrays. Chem. Biol. 2007 14 195-208. 

It is likely that the predominantly positively charged amino acids of TAT and other CPPs will interact with anionic components on the surface of the cell membrane (85). This idea is supported by the observation that cell association with CPP liposomes in glycosaminoglycan-deficient Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells is greatly reduced and is competitively inhibited by the presence of heparin (88,93). Furthermore, the removal of the heparan sulfate chains by the action of glycosaminoglycan lyase also suppressed the transduction of the TAT protein (94). 

Marine sulfated polysaccharides (MSPs), such as sulfated fucans (SFs), sulfated galactans (SGs), and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) isolated from invertebrate animals, are highly anionic polysaccharides capable of interacting with certain cationic proteins, such as... 

Interestingly, the secretion of FGF family members that mediate tissue repair resembles IL-1 secretion, that is, not involving the Golgi. The FGF family proteins also bind to their receptors by P-barrel structures that interact with a glycan (in this case known to be heparin) during activation. Hyaluronan and heparin are glycosaminoglycans (Sect. 6.3.1). 

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