Glycosaminoglycans modulation

Kuschert, G.S., F. Coulin, C.A. Power, A.E. Proudfoot, R.E. Hubbard, A.J. Hoogewerf, and T.N. Wells. 1999. Glycosaminoglycans interact selectively with chemokines and modulate receptor binding and cellular responses. Biochemistry 38 12959-12968. 

Taylor, K. R. and Gallo, R. L. (2006). Glycosaminoglycans and their proteoglycans Host-associated molecular patterns for initiation and modulation of inflammation. FASEB ]. 20,... 

Shriver, Z., Liu, D., and Sasisekharan, R. (2002). Emerging views of heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan structure/activity relationships modulating dynamic biological functions. Trends Cardiovasc. Med. 12, 71—II. 

Glycosaminoglycans are solubilized from stromal or other tissues by extracting the source tissue with dilute acid or alkali. Hyaluronan is electrostatically bound to specific proteins called hyaladherins, which possess a structural domain of -100 amino acids termed a link module. Other glycosaminoglycans are O-linked to serine and threonine residues of polypeptides and these bonds hydrolyze before the rest of the polysaccharide. The protein moiety precipitates when trichloroacetic acid or ammonium sulfate is added to the cooled mixture. The composition of the GAGs (including hyaluronan) was identified by chromatographic separation of the purified polysaccharides, followed by their hydrolysis in boiling 1.0 M HC1 for 2 1 h and identification of the individual monosaccharide components. 

Fig. 6.12 Peptide domains and attached glycosaminoglycans in aggrecan and versican. HABR Hyaluronic Acid-Binding Region GAG Glycosaminoglycan-Attachment domain EGF Epidermal Growth Factor-like repeat LEC C-type Lectin-like module C (yellow) Complement regulatory protein-like module (see text) (From GlycoWord website http //www.glycoforum. gr.jp/science/word/proteoglycan/PGA03E.html (contributed by Toshikazu Yada))...

FIGURE 1.3 Scheme of biohybrid starPEG-glycosaminoglycan networks for recapitulating and modulating cell-instructive ECM signals. 

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