Collagen-glycosaminoglycan matrix

Human skin equivalents have been developed by several laboratories. One equivalent, Testskin, consists of human keratinocytes seeded onto a collagen base or collagen-glycosaminoglycan matrix containing human fibroblasts. In many respects, the epidermis which develops resembles epidermis in vivo. The tissue culture system survives for several weeks and may be useful in studying skin penetration. Testskin is a commercially produced skin equivalent system marketed by Organogenesis, Inc. (Cambridge, MA) ... 

Testskin human tissue equivalents (human kerationcytes on collagen or collagen - glycosaminoglycan matrix with human fibroblasts) forming an epidermis for examining Dye penetration (Neutral Red)... 

Sheihabeddin L., Berthod F., Damour O., CoUombel C., Characterization of skin reconstructed on a chitosan-[Pg.540]

J.Y, Giusti, G., Friedrich, P.F., Archibald, S.J., Kemnitzer, J.E., Patel, J., Desai, N., Bishop, A.T., Shin, A.Y., 2012. The effect of collagen nerve conduits filled with collagen-glycosaminoglycan matrix on peripheral motor nerve regeneration in a rat model. J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 94, 2084—2091. 

Isolated chondrocytes grown in type I and type II collagen-glycosaminoglycan matrices contract the matrix and immunochemically stain for alpha-smooth muscle actin. These results suggest that chondrocytes can also generate active tension and may be responsible for maintaining the tension in articular cartilage. 

Anselme K, Petite H, Herbage D. 1992. Inhibition of calcification in vivo by acyl azide cross-linking of a collagen-glycosaminoglycan sponge. Matrix 12 264-273. 

Molecules released by exocytosis fall into three categories (1) They can attach to the cell surface and become peripheral proteins, eg, antigens. (2) They can become part of the extracellular matrix, eg, collagen and glycosaminoglycans. (3) They can enter extracellular fluid and signal other cells. Insulin, parathyroid hormone, and the catecholamines are all packaged in gran-... 

Once stem cells are committed to the osteoblast lineage, proliferating osteoprogenitors become preosteoblasts, cell growth declines, and there is a progressive expression of differentiation markers by osteoblasts (Stein et al. 1996). Osteoblastic differentiation is characterized by the sequential expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), an early marker of osteoblastic phenotype, followed by the synthesis and deposition of collagen type I, bone matrix proteins, and glycosaminoglycans and an increased expression of os-... 

Hematopoiesis, the process of generating mature blood cells, is mainly located in the red bone marrow, predominantly in the sternum, femur and pelvic bones [1]. In the marrow the hematopoietic cells are embedded in stromal tissue. This consists of different cell types (e.g., fibroblasts, endothehal cells, adipocytes, macrophages) that provide soluble and membrane-bound growth factors and produce an extracellular matrix consisting of collagen, laminin, fibronectin, and glycosaminoglycans [2, 3]. The interactions between hematopoietic cells, stromal cells and extracellular matrix are indicated in Fig. 1 [4,5]. 

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