Alcohols ethylic

CH3COOH + HOC2H5 - CH3GOOC2H3 + H2O If, however, concentrated sulphuric acid is present, the water is absorbed, the back reaction prevented, and a high yield of ethyl acetate is obtained. In practice the reaction is not so simple. It was formerly supposed that, since the sulphuric acid is usually added to the alcohol, ethyl hydrogen sulphate and water are formed, the latter being absorbed by the excess of sulphuric acid, A mixture of ethanol and acetic acid is then added to the ethyl hydrogen sulphate,... 

The developer is generally a solvent in which the components of the mixture are not too soluble and is usually a solvent of low molecular weight. The adsorbent is selected so that the solvent is adsorbed somewhat but not too strongly if the solvent is adsorbed to some extent, it helps to ensure that the components of the mixture to be adsorbed will not be too firmly bound. Usually an adsorbate adheres to any one adsorbent more firmly in a less polar solvent, consequently when, as frequently occurs, a single dense adsorption zone is obtained with light petroleum and develops only slowly when washed with this solvent, the development may be accelerated by passing to a more polar solvent. Numerous adsorbat are broken up by methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol or acetone. It is not generally necessary to employ the pure alcohol the addition from 0 5 to 2 per cent, to the solvent actually used suffices in most cases. 

Absolute ethyl alcohol. Ethyl alcohol of a high degree of purity is frequently required in preparative organic chemistry. For some purposes alcohol of ca. 99 -5 per cent, purity is satisfactory this grade may be purchased (the absolute alcohol of commerce), or it may be conveniently prepared by the dehydration of rectified spirit with quicklime. Rectified spirit is the constant boiling point mixture which ethyl alcohol forms with water, and usually contains 95 6 per cent, of alcohol by weight. Wherever the term rectified spirit is used in this book, approximately 95 per cent, ethyl alcohol is to be understood. 

Picrates are usually prepared by mixing solutions of equivalent quantities of the two components in the minimum volume of rectified spirit and allowing to cool the derivative separates in a crystalline condition. It is filtered off, washed with a little ether, and pressed on a porous tUe. If the picrate is stable, it is recrystaUised from alcohol, ethyl acetate or ether. 

The foUowing are typical experimental details for the preparation of naphthalene picrate. Dissolve 0 -1 g. of naphthalene and 0-2 g. of picric acid separately in the minimum volume of hot rectified spirit (about 2 ml.), mix the solutions and allow to cool. FUter and wash with 2 ml. of alcohol. RecrystaUise from hot alcohol, ethyl acetate or ether. 

Allow a mixture of 0-5 g. of the tertiary amine and 0-5 ml. of colourless methyl iodide to stand for 5 minutes. If reaction has not occurred, warm under reflux for 5 minutes on a water bath and then cool in ice water. The mixture will generally set solid if it does not, scratch the sides of the tube with a glass rod. RecrystaUise the solid product from absolute alcohol, ethyl acetate, acetone, glacial acetic acid or alcohol-ether. 

The catalyst is inactive for the hydrogenation of the (isolated) benzene nucleus and so may bo used for the hydrogenation of aromatic compounds containing aldehyde, keto, carbalkoxy or amide groups to the corresponding alcohols, amines, etc., e.g., ethyl benzoate to benzyl alcohol methyl p-toluate to p-methylbenzyl alcohol ethyl cinnamate to 3 phenyl 1-propanol. 

LiS03p [13453-75-3] white powder 360 V s V s ethanol, ether, acetone, amyl alcohol, ethyl acetate i ligroin... 

The covalent character of mercury compounds and the corresponding abiUty to complex with various organic compounds explains the unusually wide solubihty characteristics. Mercury compounds are soluble in alcohols, ethyl ether, benzene, and other organic solvents. Moreover, small amounts of chemicals such as amines, ammonia (qv), and ammonium acetate can have a profound solubilizing effect (see COORDINATION COMPOUNDS). The solubihty of mercury and a wide variety of mercury salts and complexes in water and aqueous electrolyte solutions has been well outlined (5). 

Tetrahydronaphthalene [119-64-2] (Tetralin) is a water-white Hquid that is insoluble in water, slightly soluble in methyl alcohol, and completely soluble in other monohydric alcohols, ethyl ether, and most other organic solvents. It is a powerhil solvent for oils, resins, waxes, mbber, asphalt, and aromatic hydrocarbons, eg, naphthalene and anthracene. Its high flash point and low vapor pressure make it usehil in the manufacture of paints, lacquers, and varnishes for cleaning printing ink from rollers and type in the manufacture of shoe creams and floor waxes as a solvent in the textile industry and for the removal of naphthalene deposits in gas-distribution systems (25). The commercial product typically has a tetrahydronaphthalene content of >97 wt%, with some decahydronaphthalene and naphthalene as the principal impurities. 

Cevadine contains neither a methoxyl nor a methylimino group it yields crystalline benzoyl and o-nitrobenzoyl derivatives, m.p. 255° and 236° respectively, and a methiodide, which decomposes at 210-2°, and is converted by silver oxide into eevadinemethylhydroxide.i When warmed with alcoholic soda, cevadine undergoes hydrolysis into eevine and angelic and tiglic acids. When hydrogen chloride is passed into cevadine in alcohol, ethyl tiglate and eevine are formed. ... 

On treatment with alkoxide bases, esters undergo self-condensation to give a p-keto ester and an alcohol. Ethyl acetate, for exanple, undergoes a Claisen condensation on treatment with sodium ethoxide to give a p-keto ester known by its common nane ethyl ace-toacetate (also called acetoacetic ester) ... 

Cutnarin is present, in [races only, aud furfurol, an aldehyde which ia probablv valeric aldehyde, amyl alcohol, ethyl-H-amyl-ketone, and d-bomeol are all eonstituects of the oil, hut in very small aoiouat. 

Murayama detected Mimonene in the oil. and Schimmel C,o. tsolaCed fmm it the alcohol ethyl-amyl earbinol CjHj. CH(OHjOjU,, and also Ihe ketone A -menthenone. 

Caryophyllene nitrosochloride, (CjgHgJjN OoCL, is obtained when a mixture of the sesquiterpene, alcohol, ethyl acetate, and ethyl nitrite is cooled in a freezing mixture, and then treated with a saturated solution of hydrochloric acid in alcohol. The reaction mass is allowed to stand on ice for an hour and is then exposed to sunlight. Thus prepared it melts at about 158° to 163°, and can be separated into two compounds, one being that of a-caryophyllene and the other that of yS-caryophyllene Deussen s sesquiterpenes of natural caryophyllene from clove oil), a-caryophyllene nitrosochloride melts at 177", and /3-caryophyllene nitrosochloride at 159°. They can be separated by fractional crystallisation. The corresponding a-nitrolbenzylamine melts at 126° to 128°, and the /3-nitrolbenzylamine at 172° to 173°. The bimolecular formula given above is probable but not certain. 

Chloro-2-amino-0 -methyl-Ophenylbenzyl alcohol Ethyl mustard oil (ethyl isothiocyanate)... 

Of the relatively few organic compounds that dissolve readily in water, many contain —OH groups. Three familiar examples are methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, and ethylene glycol, all of which are infinitely soluble in water. 

Owing to the comparatively slight solubility of benzalacetophenone in alcohol, ethyl acetate is used as a solvent during the reduction. 

The names of organic compounds have some system. Each functional group defines a family (for example, alcohols, amines) and a specific modifier is added to identify a particular example (for example, ethyl alcohol, ethyl amine). As an alternate naming system, the family may be named by a general identifying ending (for example, alcohol names end in -ol) and a particular example is indicated by an appropriate stem (ethyl alcohol would be ethanol). These naming systems are illustrated in Tables 18-1 and 18-11. 

Acetaldehyde, acetone, tetrahydrofuran (THF), ethyl acetate, isopropyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, 4-methyl-l,3-dioxolane, n-pro-pyl acetate, methyl isobutyl ketone, -propyl alcohol, toluene, n-butyl alcohol, 2-ethoxyethanol, and cyclohexane... 

D-Xylulose 5-phosphate (ii-threo-2-pentulose 5-phosphate, XP) stands as an important metabolite of the pentose phosphate pathway, which plays a key fimction in the cell and provides intermediates for biosynthetic pathways. The starting compound of the pathway is glucose 6-phosphate, but XP can also be formed by direct phosphorylation of D-xylulose with li-xylulokinase. Tritsch et al. [114] developed a radiometric test system for the measurement of D-xylulose kinase (XK) activity in crude cell extracts. Aliquots were spotted onto silica plates and developed in n-propyl alcohol-ethyl acetate-water (6 1 3 (v/v) to separate o-xylose/o-xylulose from XP. Silica was scraped off and determined by liquid scintillation. The conversion rate of [ " C]o-xylose into [ " C]o-xylulose 5-phosphate was calculated. Some of the works devoted to the separation of components necessary while analyzing enzyme activity are presented in Table 9.8. 

Solvent reflux under stirring Pellets 5-10 Chlorinated solvents, acetone, aliphatic alcohols, ethyl acetate 80-100 4-6... 

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