Ethyl alcohol physical properties

Physical Properties. Furfuryl alcohol (2-furanmethanol) [98-00-0] is aHquid, colorless, primary alcohol with a mild odor. On exposure to air, it gradually darkens in color. Furfuryl alcohol is completely miscible with water, alcohol, ether, acetone, and ethyl acetate, and most other organic solvents with the exception of paraffinic hydrocarbons. It is an exceUent, highly polar solvent, and dissolves many resins. 

Dichloroacetic acid [79-43-6] (CI2CHCOOH), mol wt 128.94, C2H2CI2O2, is a reactive intermediate in organic synthesis. Physical properties are mp 13.9°C, bp 194°C, density 1.5634 g/mL, and refractive index 1.4658, both at 20°C. The Hquid is totally miscible in water, ethyl alcohol, and ether. Dichloroacetic acid K = 5.14 X 10 ) is a stronger acid than chloroacetic acid. Most chemical reactions are similar to those of chloroacetic acid, although both chlorine... 

Physical properties of glycerol are shown in Table 1. Glycerol is completely soluble in water and alcohol, slightly soluble in diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, and dioxane, and insoluble in hydrocarbons (1). Glycerol is seldom seen in the crystallised state because of its tendency to supercool and its pronounced freesing point depression when mixed with water. A mixture of 66.7% glycerol, 33.3% water forms a eutectic mixture with a freesing point of —46.5°C. 

Physical Properties. The physical properties of cyanoacetic acid [372-09-8] NM7—CH2COOH (28) ate summarized in Table 4. The industrially most important esters ate methyl cyanoacetate [105-34-0] and ethyl cyanoacetate [105-56-6]. Both esters ate miscible with alcohol and ether and immiscible with water. 

The physical properties of finish removers vary considerably due to the diverse uses and requirements of the removers. Finish removers can be grouped by the principal ingredient of the formula, method of appHcation, method of removal, chemical base, viscosity, or hazardous classification. Except for method of apphcation, a paint remover formulation usually has one aspect of each group, by which it can be used for one or more appHcations. A Hst of the most common organic solvents used in finish removers has been compiled (3). Many are mentioned throughout this article others include ethyl lactate [97-64-3] propylene carbonate [108-32-7] furfural alcohol [98-01-1/, dimethyl formamide [68-12-2] tetrahydrofuran [109-99-9] methyl amyl ketone [110-43-0] dipropylene glycol methyl ether [34590-94-8] and Exxate 600, a trade name of Exxon Chemicals. 

Physical properties of isopropyl alcohol are characteristic of polar compounds because of the presence of the polar hydroxyl, —OH, group. Isopropyl alcohol is completely miscible ia water and readily soluble ia a number of common organic solvents such as acids, esters, and ketones. It has solubiUty properties similar to those of ethyl alcohol (qv). There is a competition between these two products for many solvent appHcations. Isopropyl alcohol has a slight, pleasant odor resembling a mixture of ethyl alcohol and acetone, but unlike ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol has a bitter, unpotable taste. 

Physical and chemical properties of isopropyl alcohol reflect its secondary hydroxyl functionaHty. For example, its boiling and flash poiats are lower than / -propyl alcohol [71-25-8], whereas its vapor pressure and freezing poiat are significantly higher. Isopropyl alcohol bods only 4°C higher than ethyl alcohol. 

The physical properties of methylene chloride are Hsted in Table 1 and the binary a2eotropes in Table 2. Methylene chloride is a volatile Hquid. Although methylene chloride is only slightly soluble in water, it is completely miscible with other grades of chlorinated solvents, diethyl ether, and ethyl alcohol. It dissolves in most other common organic solvents. Methylene chloride is also an excellent solvent for many resins, waxes, and fats, and hence is well suited to a wide variety of industrial uses. Methylene chloride alone exhibits no dash or fire point. However, as Htde as 10 vol % acetone or methyl alcohol is capable of producing a dash point. 

Table 2 gives physical property data for propylene chlorohydrins. 2-Chloro-l-propanol [78-89-7] HOCH2CHCICH2, is also named 2-propylene chlorohydrin, 2-chloropropyl alcohol, or 2-chloro-l-hydroxypropane. l-Chloro-2-propanol [127-00-4] CICH2CHOHCH2, also known as j -propjlene chlorohydrin, 1-chloroisopropyl alcohol, and l-chloro-2-hydroxypropane, is a colorless Hquid, miscible in water, ethanol, and ethyl ether. 

Physical properties of some commercially available polyamines appear in Table 1. Generally, they are slightly to moderately viscous, water-soluble Hquids with mild to strong ammoniacal odors. Although completely soluble in water initially, hydrates may form with time, particularly with the heavy ethyleneamines (TETA, TEPA, PEHA, and higher polyamines), to the point that gels may form or the total solution may soHdify under ambient conditions. The amines are also completely miscible with alcohols, acetone, benzene, toluene and ethyl ether, but only slightly soluble in heptane. 

A summary of physical properties of ethyl alcohol is presented ia Table 1. Detailed information on the vapor pressure, density, and viscosity of ethanol can be obtained from References 6—14. A listing of selected biaary and ternary azeotropes of ethanol is compiled ia Reference 15. 

Therefore a few physical properties of qulzalofop-ethyl such as Its solubility and Its supersolublllty In ethyl alcohol were studied. Two types of crystals with different shapes were obtained by cooling crystallization and the stabilities of the crystals were tested In saturated solutions at various temperatures. 

An example of propellant tailoring is the fuel used to launch the first U. S. satellite into orbit. The original fuel for the launch vehicle was ethyl alcohol. MAF-4 (also known as hydyne or U-DETA), a mixture of 60% UDMH and 40% diethylenetriamine (DETA), was formulated to simulate the physical properties of C2H5OH but provide the increased propellant performance (using liquid oxyen as the oxidizer) requirements of the mission. 

Important as the molecular formula is. it does not describe fully the properties, or even in some cases the identity, of chemical compounds. For example, there are two compounds that have the molecular formula CjFLO. They are different in all their properties, both chemical and physical. This difference is due to a difference in the manner in which the atoms are connected in the molecules of the two substances. These differences can be shown only by the use of structural formulas, such as those shown in Fig. I, in which the valence bonds between the atom are shown. These structural formulas are determined circumstantially, lhat is. by the chemical reactions into which the compounds enter. (However, (heir arrangements have been confirmed In many cases by a direci instrumental means such us speclrometric methods, x-ray studies, etc.) These reactions differ markedly for ethyl alcohol and methyl ether. Such compounds which have the same molecular formula but differ due to the arrangements or positions of their atoms are called isomers, and the type just cited, in which the difference is in the grouping of the atoms, are called functional isomers. These, and many other lypes of isomers, are treated in the entry on Isomerism. 

Physical Properties. The physical properties or cvanoacelic aeitl N=C-CH COOH are summarized in Table 3. The industrially mosi important esters are methyl cyanoacetdte and ethyl eyanoacctaie. Both esters are miscible with alcohol and ether and immiscible with yvaier. 

The physical properties of the nitric esters resemble in a general way the physical properties of the alcohols from which they are derived. Thus, methyl and ethyl nitrate, like methyl and ethyl alcohol, are volatile liquids nitroglycerin is a viscous oil, more viscous and less volatile than glycol dinitrate as glycerin is more viscous and less volatile than glycol. Nitrocellulose from... 

It s important to realize that different isomers are different chemical compounds. They have different structures, different chemical properties, and different physical properties, such as melting point and boiling point. For example, ethyl alcohol (ethanol, or grain alcohol) and dimethyl ether both have the formula C2H60, yet ethyl alcohol is a liquid with a boiling point of 78.5°C, whereas dimethyl ether is a gas with a boiling point of —23°C. 

Some of the observed physical properties of hydrocarbons result from the nonpolar character of the compounds. In general, hydrocarbons do not mix with polar solvents such as water or ethyl alcohol. On the other hand, hydrocarbons mix with relatively nonpolar solvents such as ligroin (a mixture of alkanes), carbon tetrachloride, or dichloromethane. Since the density of most hydrocarbons is less than that of water, they will float. Crude oil and crude oil products (home heating oil and gasoline) are mixtures of hydrocarbons these substances, when spilled on water, spread quickly along the surface because they are insoluble in water. 

---