Methyl isobutyl ketones

EPA Classified Hazardous Waste, RCRA Waste Number U161 DOT Label Flam mable Liquid UN 1245 Formula CgHoO MW 100.16 CAS [108-10-1] 

MIBK is used as a solvent for gums, resins, nitrocellulose and cellulose ethers, and various fats, oils, and waxes. 

---

By contrast, in the system propionic acid d) - methyl isobutyl ketone (2), (fi and are very much different when y 1, Propionic acid has a strong tendency to dimerize with itself and only a weak tendency to dimerize with ketone also,the ketone has only a weak tendency to dimerize with itself. At acid-rich compositions, therefore, many acid molecules have dimerized but most ketone molecules are monomers. Acid-acid dimerization lowers the fugacity of acid and thus is well below unity. Because of acid-acid dimerization, the true mole fraction of ketone is signi-... 

Liquid-liquid extractions using ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (APDC) as a metal chelating agent are commonly encountered in the analysis of metal ions in aqueous samples. The sample and APDC are mixed together, and the resulting metal-ligand complexes are extracted into methyl isobutyl ketone before analysis. 

Aqueous solutions buffered to a pH of 5.2 and containing known total concentrations of Zn + are prepared. A solution containing ammonium pyrrolidinecarbodithioate (APCD) is added along with methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK). The mixture is shaken briefly and then placed on a rotary shaker table for 30 min. At the end of the extraction period the aqueous and organic phases are separated and the concentration of zinc in the aqueous layer determined by atomic absorption. The concentration of zinc in the organic phase is determined by difference and the equilibrium constant for the extraction calculated. 

A yield of about 95% of theoretical is achieved using this process (1.09 units of isopropyl alcohol per unit of acetone produced). Depending on the process technology and catalyst system, such coproducts as methyl isobutyl ketone and diisobutyl ketone can be produced with acetone (30). 

Actinide ions form complex ions with a large number of organic substances (12). Their extractabiUty by these substances varies from element to element and depends markedly on oxidation state. A number of important separation procedures are based on this property. Solvents that behave in this way are thbutyl phosphate, diethyl ether [60-29-7J, ketones such as diisopropyl ketone [565-80-5] or methyl isobutyl ketone [108-10-17, and several glycol ether type solvents such as diethyl CeUosolve [629-14-1] (ethylene glycol diethyl ether) or dibutyl Carbitol [112-73-2] (diethylene glycol dibutyl ether). 

By far the most popular commercial ketone peroxide is methyl ethyl ketone peroxide [1338-23-4]. Smaller quantities of ketone peroxides such as methyl isobutyl ketone peroxide [28056-59-9] cyclohexanone peroxide [12262-58-7] and 2,4-pentanedione peroxide [37187-22-7] are used commercially (47). 

Emulsives are solutions of toxicant in water-immiscible organic solvents, commonly at 15 ndash 50%, with a few percent of surface-active agent to promote emulsification, wetting, and spreading. The choice of solvent is predicated upon solvency, safety to plants and animals, volatility, flammabiUty, compatibihty, odor, and cost. The most commonly used solvents are kerosene, xylenes and related petroleum fractions, methyl isobutyl ketone, and amyl acetate. Water emulsion sprays from such emulsive concentrates are widely used in plant protection and for household insect control. 

Ketones are an important class of industrial chemicals that have found widespread use as solvents and chemical intermediates. Acetone (qv) is the simplest and most important ketone and finds ubiquitous use as a solvent. Higher members of the aUphatic methyl ketone series (eg, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, and methyl amyl ketone) are also industrially significant solvents. Cyclohexanone is the most important cycHc ketone and is primarily used in the manufacture of y-caprolactam for nylon-6 (see Cyclohexanoland cyclohexanone). Other ketones find appHcation in fields as diverse as fragrance formulation and metals extraction. Although the industrially important ketones are reviewed herein, the laboratory preparation of ketones is covered elsewhere (1). 

The physical properties of some common ketones are Hsted in Table 1. Ketones are commonly separated by fractional distillation, and vapor—Hquid equihbria and vapor pressure data are readily available for common ketones. A number of other temperature dependent physical properties for acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, and diethyl ketone have been pubHshed (3). 

Reduction. Most ketones are readily reduced to the corresponding secondary alcohol by a variety of hydrogenation processes. The most commonly used catalysts are palladium, platinum, and nickel For example, 4-methyl-2-pentanol (methyl isobutyl carbinol) is commercially produced by the catalytic reduction of 4-methyl-2-pentanone (methyl isobutyl ketone) over nickel. 

Table 3 shows the toxicological properties of selected ketones. A detailed review of the physiological effects of exposure to methyl ethyl ketone and methyl isobutyl ketone has been documented (6). 

Methyl Isobutyl Ketone. Methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) (4-methyl-2-pentanone), (CH2)2CHCH2COCH2, is an industrially important solvent which after methyl methacrylate and bisphenol A is the third largest tonnage product obtained from acetone. 

Table 7. United States, East Asia, and Western Europe Methyl Isobutyl Ketone Production ...

DIBK can be produced by the hydrogenation of phorone which, in turn, is produced by the acid-catalyzed aldol condensation of acetone. It is also a by-product in the manufacture of methyl isobutyl ketone. Diisobutyl ketone ( 1.37/kg, October 1994) is produced in the United States by Union Carbide (Institute, West Virginia) and Eastman (Kingsport, Teimessee) (47), and is mainly used as a coating solvent. Catalytic hydrogenation of diisobutyl ketone produces the alcohol 2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol [108-82-7]. 

Solvent Treatment. Solvent processes can be divided into two main categories, solvent extraction and solvent dewaxing. The solvent used in the extraction processes include propane and cresyHc acid, 2,2 -dichlorodiethyl ether, phenol (qv), furfural, sulfur dioxide, benzene, and nitrobenzene. In the dewaxing process (28), the principal solvents are benzene, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, propane, petroleum naphtha, ethylene dichloride, methylene chloride, sulfur dioxide, and iV-methylpyrroHdinone. 

---