Infinitely soluble

Monomers. A wide variety of monomers can be used, and they are chosen on the basis of cost and abiUty to impart specific properties to the final product. Water solubiUties of iadustriaHy important monomers are shown ia Table 1 (38). The solubiUty of the monomer ia water affects the physical chemistry of the polymerization. Functional monomers like methacrylic and acryUc acid, infinitely soluble ia water, are also used. These monomers impart long-term shelf stabiUty to latices by acting as emulsifiers. The polymerization behavior of some monomers, such as methacrylic acid, as well as the final latex properties are iafiuenced by pH. For optimum results with these acids, polymerization is best performed at a pH of ca 2. After polymerization, the latex is neutralized to give adequate shelf stabiUty at tractable viscosities. 

Like //-butyUithium, j iZ-butyUithium is infinitely soluble in most hydrocarbons, such as pentane and hexane. Its solutions in hexane are flammable and pyrophoric and therefore should be handled like //-butyUithium (96,100). j iZ-ButyUithium also is very soluble in ethers, but the ether solutions must be kept cold because ether cleavage is more rapid than in the presence of //—butyUithium (122). j iZ-ButyUithium has a t 2 of 2 d at 25°C in di-//-butyl ether and of 1 d at 25°C in di-//-hexyl ether. 

Properties. o-Nitiotoluene [88-72-2] is a clear yeUow liquid. The solid is dimorphous and the melting points of the a- and P-forms ate —9.55 and —3.85 C, respectively. o-Nitrotoluene is infinitely soluble in benzene, diethyl ether, and ethanol. It is soluble in most organic solvents and only slightly soluble in water (0.065 g in 100 g of water at 30°C). The physical properties of o-nitrotoluene are hsted in Table 9. 

Styrene is a colorless Hquid with an aromatic odor. Important physical properties of styrene are shown in Table 1 (1). Styrene is infinitely soluble in acetone, carbon tetrachloride, benzene, ether, / -heptane, and ethanol. Nearly all of the commercial styrene is consumed in polymerization and copolymerization processes. Common methods in plastics technology such as mass, suspension, solution, and emulsion polymerization can be used to manufacture polystyrene and styrene copolymers with different physical characteristics, but processes relating to the first two methods account for most of the styrene polymers currendy (ca 1996) being manufactured (2—8). Polymerization generally takes place by free-radical reactions initiated thermally or catalyticaHy. Polymerization occurs slowly even at ambient temperatures. It can be retarded by inhibitors. 

Infinitely soluble in acetone, carbon tetrachloride, benzene, diethyl ether, / -heptane, and ethanol. ... 

Very soluble (>50g/100g) oo Infinitely soluble (soluble in all proportions)... 

The preceding example implied that water solubility is related to polarity, and indeed the equating of hydrophilic character with polarity (and of hydrophobic character with nonpolarity) is often made. Thus, we may add water solubility to the list of pertinent physical (or chemical) properties related to polarity. If a substance is infinitely soluble in water, high polarity is usually inferred. 

Of the relatively few organic compounds that dissolve readily in water, many contain —OH groups. Three familiar examples are methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, and ethylene glycol, all of which are infinitely soluble in water. 

If hydrogen bonding is possible between solute and solvent, this greatly increases solubility and often results in large or even infinite solubility where none would otherwise be expected. 

Polymer-bound antioxidants must be molecularly dispersed (i.e. infinitely soluble) and cannot be physically lost from the substrate. High-MW phenolic AOs are preferred for applications requiring FDA approval, minimal discoloration, and long service life at high temperatures. Antioxidants are used for protection of polymers, plastics, elastomers, foods, fuels and lubricants. 

It is colourless liquid (B.R 72.4°) and is strongly acidic. It is infinitely soluble in water. 

Solubility in water The capacity of alcohols for hydrogen bonding makes them extremely soluble in water. Methanol and ethanol are miscible (infinitely soluble) with water. The solubility of an alcohol decreases as the number of carbon atoms increases. 

D infinitely soluble very strong 78°C sharp, antiseptic smell very polar... 

The tertiary and quaternary amine bases are viscous liquids at room temperature and infinitely soluble in nonpolar solvents, but only slightly soluble in water. The solubility of the ion-pair RNH L in organic solvents depends on the chain length and on the counterion, LT the solubility of TLA HCl in wet benzene is 0.7 M, in cyclohexane 0.08 M, in CHCI3 1.2 M, and in CCI4 0.7 M. Nitrate and perchlorate salts are less soluble, as are lower molecular weight amines. 

The properties of solutions of macromolecular substances depend on the solvent, the temperature, and the molecular weight of the chain molecules. Hence, the (average) molecular weight of polymers can be determined by measuring the solution properties such as the viscosity of dilute solutions. However, prior to this, some details have to be known about the solubility of the polymer to be analyzed. When the solubility of a polymer has to be determined, it is important to realize that macromolecules often show behavioral extremes they may be either infinitely soluble in a solvent, completely insoluble, or only swellable to a well-defined extent. Saturated solutions in contact with a nonswollen solid phase, as is normally observed with low-molecular-weight compounds, do not occur in the case of polymeric materials. The suitability of a solvent for a specific polymer, therefore, cannot be quantified in terms of a classic saturated solution. It is much better expressed in terms of the amount of a precipitant that must be added to the polymer solution to initiate precipitation (cloud point). A more exact measure for the quality of a solvent is the second virial coefficient of the osmotic pressure determined for the corresponding solution, or the viscosity numbers in different solvents. 

The most important shortcoming of GSE is that it is valid only for nonelectrolytes, whereas many drug compounds and compounds in screening libraries are acidic or basic. In this case the solubility is pH-dependent. If one assumes for simplicity s sake that the ionized form is infinitely soluble in water, then the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation can be used to calculate the solubility at a given... 

With short chain derivatives, the forces of repulsion are higher than the ones of attraction the curvature is high and spherical micelles are formed at a concentration called the critical micellar concentration (cmc). This concentration can be detected by a change in the physico-chemical properties of the solution (e.g. surface tension, Fig. 3 a). Above a characteristic temperature (referred as Krafft temperature), the tensio-active molecules are infinitely soluble in the form of micelles (Fig. 3 b). 

If hydrogen bonding is possible between solute and solvent, this greatly increases solubility and often results in large or even infinite solubility where none would otherwise be expected. It is interesting to speculate what the effect on the human race would be if ethanol had the same solubility in water as ethane or chloroethane,... 

What does it mean to say that two materials are infinitely soluble in each other ... 

Why are noble gases infinitely soluble in other noble gases ... 

Thermal stability and storage on-site infinite solubility in water... 

Because H202 can be infinitely soluble in water, there is no limitation on mass transfer however, 03 has a lower solubility in water and has mass transfer limitations. Thus, the rate constant for UV/H202/03 is the greatest, followed by that for UV/H202 and then UV/03... 

The ideal bulking agent for wood would be a non-corrosive non-volatile solid, approaching infinite solubility in water, that does not materially reduce the vapor pressure of water. 

The smallest polyols [ethan-l,2-diol, glycerol and polyethylene glycols (PEGs)] are miscible with water in all proportions, that is, they have an infinite solubility in water. Cohen et al. stated that the higher the solubility of polyols, the higher the ability to absorb water.19... 

Aniline (also know as aminobenzene and benzamine) was first produced in 1826 by Unverdorben by the dry distillation of indigo, the oldest known vat dye. Fritsche also obtained aniline from indigo by heating it with potash (K2O), and he named it aniline. Hofmann obtained aniline by the reduction of nitrobenzene in 1843 and was able to prove the structure. Aniline is a colorless, oily, flammable liquid that is slightly soluble in cold water and infinitely soluble in alcohol and ether. Its physical properties are summarized in Table 20.1. 

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