Methyl alcohol ethyl ketone

Lithium chloride is soluble in many organic solvents 1 among them are alcohols, such as methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, higher alcohols, and glycerol aldehydes and ketones, such as acetaldehyde, paraldehyde, and acetone fatty acids, such as formic acid and acetic acid nitriles, such as acetonitrile and propionitrile phenol and bases, such as pyridine. Solution is sometimes accompanied by evolution of heat and formation of compounds, examples of those isolated 2 being... 

Simple organic compounds o-tcrphenyl, toluene, 3-mcthyl hexane, 2,3-dimethyl ketone, diethyl ether, isobutyl bromide, ethylene glycol, methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, glycerol, glucose. As droplets only m-xylene, cyclopentane, n-heptane, methylene chloride. 

Copolymer of styrene and maleic acid Ethyl or methyl alcohol Ethyl acetate, methyl ethyl ketone, isopropyl alcohol... 

Open-chain methyl- and ethyl-ketones are readily reduced by TBADH to furnish the corresponding secondary alcohols, generally with excellent specificities [810]. Similarly, co-haloalkyl- [732, 811] and methyl- or trifluoromethyl ketones possessing heterocyclic substituents were converted into the corresponding secondary... 

Examples of A, B, C, D,. .. flrnctionality found in small-molecule compounds Methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol Acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone... 

Benzene toluene styrene Paraffin white spirit Methyl alcohol ethyl alcohol Methyl-ethyl-ketone Diethyl ether Ethyl acetate... 

Solvents tested methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, acetone, ethyl-methyl ketone, methyl Isobutyl ketone, aoetylacetone, stannous chloride In acetone. 

Methyl ethyl ketone. Use the apparatus of Fig. Ill, 61, 1 but with a 500 ml. round-bottomed flask. Place 40 g. (50 ml.) of see. butyl alcohol, 100 ml. of water and a few fragments of porous porcelain in the flask. Dissolve 100 g. of sodium dichromate dihydrate in 125 ml. of water in a beaker and add very slowly and with constant sturing 80 ml. of concentrated sulphuric acid allow to cool, and transfer the resulting solution to the dropping funnel. Heat the flask on a wire gauze or in an air bath until the alcohol mixture commences to boil. Remove the flame and run in the dichromate solution slowly and at such a rate that the temperature... 

Cool the mixture and decant the solution from the sodium bromide wash the salt with two 20 ml. portions of absolute alcohol and add the washings to the main solution. Distil off the alcohol, which contains the slight excess of n-propyl bromide used in the condensation, through a short fractionating column from a water bath. The residue A) of crude ethyl n-propylacetoacetate may be used directly in the preparation of methyl n-butyl ketone. If the fairly pure ester is required, distil the crude product under diminished pressure and collect the fraction boihng at 109-113727 mm. (183 g.) (R). 

The p-substituted amino ketones can be reduced readily to the more stable P-dialkylamino alcohols, many of which are useful local anaesthetics. Thus the local anaesthetic Tutocaine is made from the Mannich base derived from formaldehyde, methyl ethyl ketone and dimethylamine, followed by reduction and conversion into the p-aminobenzoate ... 

Tertiary alcohols can be prepared by a variation of the Grignard synthesis that uses esters as the source of the carbonyl group Methyl and ethyl esters are readily available and are the types most often used Two moles of a Grignard reagent are required per mole of ester the first mole reacts with the ester converting it to a ketone... 

SAN resins show considerable resistance to solvents and are insoluble in carbon tetrachloride, ethyl alcohol, gasoline, and hydrocarbon solvents. They are swelled by solvents such as ben2ene, ether, and toluene. Polar solvents such as acetone, chloroform, dioxane, methyl ethyl ketone, and pyridine will dissolve SAN (14). The interactions of various solvents and SAN copolymers containing up to 52% acrylonitrile have been studied along with their thermodynamic parameters, ie, the second virial coefficient, free-energy parameter, expansion factor, and intrinsic viscosity (15). 

Synthol coproducts include alcohols, ketones, and lower paraffins. They are used mainly as solvents in the paint and printing industries, although some alcohols are blended into fuels. In 1992 Sasol began producing 17,500 t/yr 1-butanol [71-36-3] from 5-07-acetaldehyde [75-07-0] and plaimed to start a plant to produce high purity ethanol [64-17-5] in 1993. Acetone [67-64-1] and methyl ethyl ketone [78-93-3] are two ketone coproducts sold as solvents. 

Methyl ethyl ketone, a significant coproduct, seems likely to arise in large part from the termination reactions of j -butylperoxy radicals by the Russell mechanism (eq. 15, where R = CH and R = CH2CH2). Since alcohols oxidize rapidly vs paraffins, the j -butyl alcohol produced (eq. 15) is rapidly oxidized to methyl ethyl ketone. Some of the j -butyl alcohol probably arises from hydrogen abstraction by j -butoxy radicals, but the high efficiency to ethanol indicates this is a minor source. 

Ketones and esters are required for C-type inks. Types of esters are ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, normal propyl acetate, and butyl acetate. From the ketone class, acetone or methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) can be used. The usual solvent for D-type inks are mixtures of an alcohol, such as ethyl alcohol or isopropyl alcohol, with either aUphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons. Commonly used mixtures are 50/50 blends by volume of alcohol and aUphatic hydrocarbon. 

Direct oxidation yields biacetyl (2,3-butanedione), a flavorant, or methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, an initiator used in polyester production. Ma.nufa.cture. MEK is predominandy produced by the dehydrogenation of 2-butanol. The reaction mechanism (11—13) and reaction equihbtium (14) have been reported, and the process is in many ways analogous to the production of acetone (qv) from isopropyl alcohol. 

Methyl vinyl ketone can be produced by the reactions of acetone and formaldehyde to form 4-hydroxy-2-butanone, followed by dehydration to the product (267,268). Methyl vinyl ketone can also be produced by the Mannich reaction of acetone, formaldehyde, and diethylamine (269). Preparation via the oxidation of saturated alcohols or ketones such as 2-butanol and methyl ethyl ketone is also known (270), and older patents report the synthesis of methyl vinyl ketone by the hydration of vinylacetylene (271,272). 

In petroleum and oxygenate finish removers, the major ingredient is normally acetone, methyl ethyl ketone [78-93-3], or toluene. Cosolvents include methanol, / -butanol [71-36-3], j -butyl alcohol [78-92-2], or xylene [1330-20-7]. Sodium hydroxide or amines are used to activate the remover. Paraffin wax is used as an evaporation retarder though its effectiveness is limited because it is highly soluble in the petroleum solvents. CeUulose thickeners are sometimes added to liquid formulas to assist in pulling the paraffin wax from the liquid to form a vapor barrier or to make a thick formula. Corrosion inhibitors are added to stabili2e tbe formula for packaging (qv). 

Anhydrous stannous chloride, a water-soluble white soHd, is the most economical source of stannous tin and is especially important in redox and plating reactions. Preparation of the anhydrous salt may be by direct reaction of chlorine and molten tin, heating tin in hydrogen chloride gas, or reducing stannic chloride solution with tin metal, followed by dehydration. It is soluble in a number of organic solvents (g/100 g solvent at 23°C) acetone 42.7, ethyl alcohol 54.4, methyl isobutyl carbinol 10.45, isopropyl alcohol 9.61, methyl ethyl ketone 9.43 isoamyl acetate 3.76, diethyl ether 0.49, and mineral spirits 0.03 it is insoluble in petroleum naphtha and xylene (2). 

Methyl ethyl ketone Higher ketones Methanol Motor alcohol Ethanol... 

They show good to excellent resistance to highly aromatic solvents, polar solvents, water and salt solutions, aqueous acids, dilute alkaline solutions, oxidative environments, amines, and methyl alcohol. Care must be taken in choice of proper gum and compound. Hexafluoropropylene-containing polymers are not recommended for use in contact with ammonia, strong caustic (50% sodium hydroxide above 70°C), and certain polar solvents such as methyl ethyl ketone and low molecular weight esters. However, perfluoroelastomers can withstand these fluids. Propylene-containing fluorocarbon polymers can tolerate strong caustic. 

Water with aniline, benzene, benzyl alcohol, carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, cyclohexane, cyclohexanol, cyclohexanone, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, isoamyl alcohol, methyl ethyl ketone, nitromethane, tributyl phosphate or toluene. 

As with poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(vinyl cinnamate) is prepared by chemical modification of another polymer rather than from monomer . One process is to treat poly(vinyl alcohol) with cinnamoyl chloride and pyridine but this is rather slow. Use of the Schotten Baumann reaction will, however, allow esterification to proceed at a reasonable rate. In one example poly(vinyl alcohol) of degree of polymerisation 1400 and degree of saponification of 95% was dissolved in water. To this was added a concentrated potassium hydroxide solution and then cinnamoyl chloride in methyl ethyl ketone. The product was, in effect a vinyl alcohol-vinyl cinnamate copolymer Figure 14.8)... 

Solvents acetone, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), toluene, xylene, glycol, ethers, alcohol defats and dries skin some may be absorbed may carry other components through skin high volatility, exposure possible irritation central nervous system depression (e.g. dizziness, loss of coordination) low to high toxicity, longterm effects... 

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