Ethyl alcohol or ethanol

The language used will be the Queen s English or that subset of it as approved by the Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). Where chemical names are concerned there are some lost causes, such as caustic soda, where little would be gained if those who clean factories called this substance sodium hydroxide. Arguably, the name caustic soda conveys more useful information. Similar lost causes are spirits of wine (ethyl alcohol or ethanol) and spirits of salts (hydrochloric acid). While lipid chemists may insist on referring to triacylglycerols many people in industry continue to refer to triglycerides. Similarly trivial names for fatty acids such as lauric will continue to be used. The principle in all of this is to use the proper name but to mention other names that are in common use. 

This type of fuel comes from distilleries using corn, sorghum, sugar beets and other organic products. The ethyl alcohol, or ethanol fuel pro-... 

Consider ethane, the alkane with two carbon atoms and six attached hydrogen atoms. If one of the hydrogen atoms is replaced by an OH group, the result is ethyl alcohol, or ethanol, the alcohol portion of alcoholic beverages. The OH is the alcohol group. The names of alcohols end in -ol. The structural formulas for ethane and ethyl alcohol are ... 

Ethanol or Ethyl Alcohol or Ethanol Solutions or Ethyl Alcohol Solutions 1170... 

Albumin and Protein, Hitrated. See Protein and Albumin Nitrated Alcohol (Span). Alcohol Alcohol An organic alkyl compd contg a hydroxyl group. It is also the common name for ethyl alcohol or ethanol. This and other alcohols, as well as their nitrated derivs, are described under individual names, such as allyl-, amyl- butyl-, ethyl-, methyl-, propyl-, etc... 

ALCOHOL. A term commonly used to designate ethyl alcohol or ethanol. See Ethyl Alcohol. Also a class of organic compounds. See Alcohols. 

One chemical that we take for granted and do not usually consider to be hazardous is the alcohol found in aU alcohohc drinks. While this alcohol, known as ethyl alcohol or ethanol to chemists, is much less toxic than methyl alcohol, it is both a drug and a potential poison. Indeed, alcohol is classified as a human carcinogen, that is, capable of causing cancer, by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (lARC) because there is evidence that excessive intake increases the incidence of cancer, for example in the oesophagus. 

The alcohols which are best used in this reaction are either methyl alcohol or ethyl alcohol. Methyl alcohol, also known as wood alcohol or methanol, is easily and cheaply purchased in the paint section of the hardware store. Ethyl alcohol, or ethanol, is best purchased as 190 proof vodka. As such it contains 5% water, but since water is needed for the hydrolysis stage of the reaction, this presents no problem. In all cases, it is best to use the alcohol which has the same number of carbon atoms in it as the nitrite uses. For example, methyl alcohol is used with methyl nitrite, and ethyl alcohol with ethyl nitrite. 

Another type of biomass used as fuel comes from distilleries using corn, sorghum, sugar beets and other organic products. The ethyl alcohol, or ethanol fuel can be mixed in a ratio of l-to-10 with gasoline to produce gasohol. The mash, or debris, that is left behind contains all the original protein and is used as a livestock feed supplement. A bushel of corn pro-... 

All alcohols contain the hydroxyl functional group, —OH. Some common alcohols are shown in Figure 24.8. Ethyl alcohol, or ethanol, is by far the best known. It is produced biologically by the fermentation of sugar or starch. In the absence of oxygen the enzymes present in bacterial cultures or yeast catalyze the reaction... 

Among the other notations is that acetaldehyde is to be avoided, it being a respiration inhibitor. It is related to ethyl alcohol or ethanol and also to acetic acid, but not necessarily to citric acid as involved in the carboxylic acid or citric acid cycle. Alkaloids are expectedly respiration inhibitors, and anesthetics can have respiration inhibition as a side effect. Aromatic adds such as phenol are bad news, as are arsenate, cyanide, isothiocyanate, and thiocyanate. The heavy metals cadmium, cobalt, copper, ruthenium, vanadate, and zinc are regarded as health risks, if not for respiration, for other reasons. 

Denatured alcohol is ethyl alcohol, or ethanol, to which another liquid has been added to make it unfit to use as a beverage. The primary reason for denaturing is for tax purposes. There are approximately 50 formulations of denatured alcohol. The hazards are the same as for ethanol. The primary uses for denatured alcohol are in the manufacture of acetaldehyde, solvents, antifreeze, brake fluid, and fuels. 

Figure 3.7 shows the low-resolution spectrum of ethyl alcohol (or ethanol). This absorption spectrum, which is historically significant as one of the first NMR spectra to be recorded (Arnold et al., 1951), discloses that there are three types of hydrogen nuclei present in the ethanol molecule. Because NMR spectra provide valuable information about a molecule s structure, they are one of the most powerful tools available for characterizing unknown compounds or compounds for which we know the empirical formula but not the structure. 

CH3CH2—OH Ethyl alcohol or ethanol -117.3 78.5 Colorless Uquid... 

Ethyl alcohol, or ethanol, can be produced by several reactions described in this chapter. Although it has other uses, most ethyl alcohol is made for the production of alcohoHc beverages, a use deeply rooted in history. Indeed, the rise of civilization has been attributed to the discovery of beer, and the necessity to give up a nomadic life to attend to the cultivation of the ingredients. In 2005, the average adult American consumed slightly more than 31 gal of beer and more than 4.5 gal of wine and spirits. 

Ethyl alcohol, or ethanol, is sometimes called grain alcohol because much of it is made by fermentation of sugar or starch in the presence of an enzyme. Consequently, it is found in wines, beers, and hard liquors. The body can tolerate moderate amounts of ethanol, but excessive consumption causes addiction, leading to breakdown of liver tissue (cirrhosis) and brain tissue (delirium tremens), conditions that can be fetal. 

Broadly speaking, the term alcohol refers to the hundreds of colorless, volatile, flammable organic compounds formed by the fermentation of starch, sugar, and other carbohydrates. As commonly used, however, the term alcohol refers to one particular member of the alcohol group—it refers to ethyl alcohol, or ethanol, which has the formula QHeO, most of which is used in alcoholic beverages. 

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