Fuels ethyl alcohol

Alcohols are some of the most common organic compounds. Methyl alcohol (methanol), also known as wood alcohol, is used as an industrial solvent and as an automotive racing fuel. Ethyl alcohol (ethanol) is sometimes called grain alcohol because it is produced by the fermentation of grain or almost any other organic material. Isopropyl alcohol is the common name for propan-2-ol, used as rubbing alcohol. ... 

Methyl alcohol is used in industrial synthesis, as a solvent, and as a clean burning fuel. Ethyl alcohol is beverage alcohol it is also used as a solvent and antiseptic. Isopropyl alcohol is rubbing alcohol. 

Other synthetic methods have been investigated but have not become commercial. These include, for example, the hydration of ethylene in the presence of dilute acids (weak sulfuric acid process) the conversion of acetylene to acetaldehyde, followed by hydrogenation of the aldehyde to ethyl alcohol and the Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbon synthesis. Synthetic fuels research has resulted in a whole new look at processes to make lower molecular weight alcohols from synthesis gas. 

This type of fuel comes from distilleries using corn, sorghum, sugar beets and other organic products. The ethyl alcohol, or ethanol fuel pro-... 

Ethanol is produced as a more environmentally benign fuel. The systematic effect of ethyl alcohol differs from that of methyl alcohol. Ethyl alcohol is rapidly oxidized in the body to carbon dioxide and water, and in contrast to methyl alcohol no cumulative effect occurs. Ethanol is also a preferred alcohol in the transportation sector compared to methanol because it is derived from agricultural products and is renewable and biologically less objectionable in the enviromnent. 

Many plants have been constructed in Europe to utilize the sugars in sulfite liquor for the production of ethyl alcohol or food yeast. Some of these have been in commercial production 35 to 40 years, and have supplied alcohol for motor fuel and protein food for humans and animals. 

The ethyl alcohol fermentation is of course an age-old process and is so well known that little need be said about it here. The acetone-butanol fermentation is perhaps the next most important industrial fermentation process, although starch in the form of maize has been largely used as the basic material more recently suitably treated molasses has been used. The fermentation, a relatively rapid process requiring about thirty hours, produces about 60 parts of butanol, 30 parts of acetone and 10 parts of ethyl alcohol. These products already have large uses in industry and other uses are being explored. One possibility is the use of butanol in motor fuel. Jean has described a fuel, called Jeanite, consisting mainly of butanol and ethyl alcohol, which shows some promise. Of course the admixture of ethyl alcohol with petroleum is well known and an increased use of this mixture is probable. 

An example of propellant tailoring is the fuel used to launch the first U. S. satellite into orbit. The original fuel for the launch vehicle was ethyl alcohol. MAF-4 (also known as hydyne or U-DETA), a mixture of 60% UDMH and 40% diethylenetriamine (DETA), was formulated to simulate the physical properties of C2H5OH but provide the increased propellant performance (using liquid oxyen as the oxidizer) requirements of the mission. 

Spalding obtained additional information with forced air convection past 0.5-, 0.75-, and 1-inch spheres, with kerosine, petrol, ethyl alcohol, and benzene as fuels. For the range B = 0.6 to 5 and Reynolds number (based on sphere diameter and ambient gas conditions) ranging from 800 to 4000 he found the following to apply (see Equations 9 and 10) ... 

ETHYL ALCOHOL, [CAS 64-17-5] C H,OH. formula weight 46.07. is a colorless liquid with mild characteristic odor, rnp -114 ] C, bp 78.32 C. sp gr 0.789. Also known as ethanol, the compound is miscible in all proportions with H 0 or ether. When ignited, ethyl alcohol burns in air with a pale blue, transparent flame, producing H 0 and CO . The vapor forms an explosive mixture with air and it is used in some internal cumbustiim engines under compression as a fuel. See also Fuel. Such mixtures are frequently referred lo as gasnhol. 

Anhydrous ethyl alcohol is made from the constant boiling mixture with HsO (95 6% ethyl alcohol by weight)—(l)by heating with a substance such as calcium oxide, which reacts with H 0 and not with alcohol, and then distilling, or (21 hv distilling with a volatile liquid, such as benzene [hp 79,6 C). which forms a constam low-boiling mixture with H 0 and alcohol (bp 64.9=C), so that HsO is removed from the main portion of the alcohol after which alcohol plus benzene distills over (bp 78.5°C). Anhydrous ethyl alcohol is required for certain purposes as a solvent and rcagem and fuel applications. 

Worldwide, ethyl alcohol is the basis for a huge alcoholic beverage industry, offering a wide range of products whetein the alcoholic content varies from a few to over 50% < 100 proof). Industrially, ethyl alcohol is very important high-tonnage raw and intermediate material for numerous processes, and is used extensively in solvents, antiseptics, antifreeze compounds, and fuels. 

Ethyl alcohol (ethanol or grain alcohol) an inflammable organic compound (C2H5OH) formed during fermentation of sugars used as an intoxicant and as a fuel. 

Gasohol a term for motor vehicle fuel comprising between 80-90% unleaded gasoline and 10-20% ethanol (see also Ethyl alcohol). 

Test samples are attached to the ceiling, or walls, or both. A fuel pan is placed in one corner of the room, and a specified quantity of wood brands and ethyl alcohol is placed in it and ignited. The test continues until the fire extinguishes itself. Photographs are taken at 1-minute intervals, as well as before and after the test. 

One cubic centimeter of absolute ethyl alcohol is placed in the cup from a suitable pipett or other means, and ignited with the test specimen in place with a suitable practical flame, which is removed as soon as the alcohol is lighted. One minute after the.fuel has been exhausted, any flame and glow on the specimen are extinguished and reported and the area of char is measured. 

The fermentation process (Fig. 2) is in use again to produce ethyl alcohol for use in gasohol, an automobile fuel that is a simple mixture of 90% gasoline and 10% alcohol claimed to increase mileage. 

Uses Ethyl alcohol is a very common solvent used in the chemical synthesis of a variety of products (e.g., manufacturing of pharmaceuticals, plastics, lacquers, polishes, plasticizers, perfumes, adhesives, mbber accelerators, explosives, synthetic resins, nitrocellulose, inks, preservatives, and as a fuel). 

A considerable wood hydrolysis industry with rather old traditions is located in the Soviet Union. The main fermentation product based on hexoses in wood hydrolyzates is ethyl alcohol, but pentoses and aliphatic acids can also be utilized in the production of proteins (see Section 10.2.3). A variety of chemicals, including ethylene, ethylene oxide, acetaldehyde, and acetic acid, can be produced from ethyl alcohol. One interesting future application of ethyl alcohol concerns its use as a motor fuel mixed with gasoline (gasohol). 

The saccharification-fermentation (SF) method for the derivation of fuels and chemicals from wood is based on the breakdown or hydrolysis of the polysaccharides in wood to the constituent monomeric sugars. The six carbon or hexose sugars (glucose, galactose, and mannose) then are fermentable to ethyl alcohol... 

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