Ethyl alcohol regulations

Cla.ssifica.tlon, In commerce, several classifications of flavoring and compounded flavorings are Hsted according to composition to allow the user to conform to state and federal food regulations and labeling requirements, as well as to show their proper appHcation. Both suppHer and purchaser are subject to the control of the FDA, USD A, and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (BATF). The latter regulates the alcohoHc content of flavors and the tax drawbacks on alcohol, ie, return of a portion of the tax paid on ethyl alcohol used in flavoring. 

Distilled spirits are governed by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms regulations. Every botde of distilled spirits must contain a specified percent of alcohol or proof as stated on the label. Proof is the ethyl alcohol content of a Hquid at 15.6°C, stated as twice the percent of ethyl alcohol by volume. 

TABLE 21-17 Abstract of Part 172-101 of Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Title 49 to Illustrate the Ethyl Alcohol Example in the Text. (U.S. Government Printing Office)... 

Industrial ethyl alcohol Industrial ethyl alcohol that is reclaimed is exempt from RCRA Subtitle C because the U.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (BATF) already regulates it from the point of generation to redistillation. 

To the reaction mixture 450 g. of zinc dust (Note 2) is added in portions of about 10 g. with vigorous stirring. The rate of addition is regulated so that the temperature never rises above 6o°. After the addition is complete (Note 3), the mixture is refluxed for two to three hours on a hot plate until the unreacted zinc dust collects in balls. The hot solution is then poured through a fine copper sieve, with stirring, into 30 1. of ice water. The crude product which separates is contaminated with zinc (Note 4). On recrystallization from 1500 cc. of 95 per cent ethyl alcohol, 360-390 g. of 2,4-dimethyl-3-acetyl-5-carbethoxypyrrole (m.p. 143-1440) is obtained (55-60 per cent of the theoretical amount based on the ethyl acetoacetate used) (Note 5). A second recrystallization may be necessary to secure a perfectly white product, but the product of the first recrystallization is sufficiently pure for conversion to kryptopyrrole. 

After the raw stock is prepared and the equipment is checked for her-meticity, the etherification of silicon tetrachloride is started. The process is carried out in etherificator 6, which is a cast iron enameled apparatus with a jacket. From batch boxes 2 and 3 the etherificator is simultaneously filled with anhydrous ethyl alcohol and silicon tetrachloride. Apart from anhydrous alcohol, the etherificator receives recirculating ethyl alcohol from batch box 4. In certain volume ratios (usually from 1 2.2 to 1 2.3) silicon tetrachloride and alcohol enter through siphons the lower part of the etherificator. The temperature of the process (30-40°C) is maintained by regulating the supply of the components. The pressure in the apparatus should not exceed 0.015-0.016 MPa. 

The oxide acts vigorously upon ethyl alcohol, and by the regulation of this reaction diethyl phosphite has been obtained —... 

In the discussion of alcohols it was noted that they are converted by active oxidation into acids. By careful regulation of the process, however, intermediate compounds are obtained in the case of primary and secondary alcohols. The reactions in the case of primary alcohols may be illustrated by the equations which express the oxidation of ethyl alcohol —... 

The solvents in pump sprays are limited to alcohol-water mixtures and are, therefore, not as complex as the solvent-propellant mixtures of aerosols. Generally, ethyl alcohol is the primary solvent, and water the secondary solvent. In some cases, small quantities of propanols or even glycols are also used. The solvent and, of course, the pump spray system largely determine the spray characteristics of a given product, and spray characteristics are very important to the functional character of the product [54]. The solvent-propellant systems of today s hydrocarbon aerosol hairsprays used outside the United States generally consist of alcohol combined with hydrocarbons such as isobutene, butane, or propane and virtually no water. For low-VOC systems, dimethyl ether is the propellant of choice. For additional details on aerosol propellants for hairsprays, see the previous discussion on VOC propellants and the article by Root [53].The solvent-propellant in both aerosol and pump sprays contains the VOC and presents the apparent environmental problem. As stated, the CARB regulations for 1999 of 55% VOC present the target that has stimulated research and development in this area. 

Methyl bromide can be absorbed by organic solvents such as toluene, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, and ethyl alcohol. Disposal of methyl bromide gas by scrubbing, incineration, or by other means may be subject to permitting by federal, state or provincial regulations. Persons involved with disposal of methly bromide gas should check with the environment authorities having jurisdiction to determine the applicability of permitting regulations to disposal activities. 

The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (ATF) of the Department of Treasury is responsible for issuing tax-exempt licenses for research use of ethyl alcohol. The ATF has very strict requirements for alcohol use and recordkeeping for its licensees, and this approval is one of the most difficult of all federal research licenses to obtain. The regulations are given in 27 CFR Chapter I. 

Curme, Industry s Toolmaker, lEC 27 (February 1935) 223-25 Union Carbide III, 60-61 Kinzel, George Oliver Curme, Jr, 124-27 Spitz, Petrochemicals, 75-79. With the Prohibition Act in 1917 and prohibition amendment to the Constitution in 1920, the manufacture and consumption of industrial ethyl alcohol became highly regulated as enforcement agencies tried to prevent the diversion of ethyl alcohol to illegal uses. Haynes, American Chemical Industry, 4 151-60. 

Ester, feed grade (33.4), is the product consisting of methyl, ethyl, and other nonglyceride esters of fatty acids derived from animal and/or vegetable fats. It consists predominantly of the ester and must contain not less than 85% total fatty acids, not more than 10% free fatty acids, not more than 6% unsaponifiable matter (2% for methyl esters), and not more than 1 % insoluble matter. Its source must be stated in the product name, e.g., methyl ester of animal fatty acids or ethyl ester of vegetable oil fatty acids. Methyl esters must contain not more than 150 ppm (0.015%) free methyl alcohol. If an antioxidant is used, the common name or names must be indicated, followed by the words used as a preservative. This feed fat includes FDA regulation 573.640 ... 

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