Stem cells therapy

Ronaghi M, Erceg S, Moreno-Manzano V, Stojkovic M (2010) Challenges of stem cell therapy for spinal cord injury Human embryonic stem cells, endogenous neural stem cells, or induced pluripotent stem cells Stem Cells 28 93-99... 

Sobajima S et al (2008) Feasibility of a stem cell therapy for intervertebral disc degeneration. Spine J 8(6) 888-896... 

Gaetani P et al (2008) Adipose-derived stem cell therapy for intervertebral disc regeneration an in vitro reconstructed tissue in alginate capsules. Tissue Eng Part A 14(8) 1415-1423... 

Additional future innovations likely to impact upon pharmaceutical biotechnology include the development of alternative product production systems, alternative methods of delivery and the development of engineered cell-based therapies, particularly stem cell therapy. As mentioned previously, protein-based biotechnology products produced to date are produced in either microbial... 

Cell fusion may underlie some observations of grafted cells 514 COMMON STEM CELL THERAPY CHALLENGES 514 CONCLUSIONS 514... 

Involvement of several proteolytic enzymes, secretases, is probably crucial for this process but other hypotheses, including, for example, cholinergic transmission or accumulation of metal ions, have also been considered. Future perspectives in this area concern the search for novel pharmaceuticals that cross the blood-brain barrier, without side effects (e.g., the dyskinesias of L-Dopa), or potent and selective inhibitors of improper cleavage of amyloid protein, or even stem cell therapy to restore neuronal cells. 

Na K, Kim S, Park K, Kim K, Woo DG, Kwon IC, Chung HM, Park KH (2007) Heparin/poly(L-lysine) nanoparticle-coated polymeric microspheres for stem-cell therapy. J Am Chem Soc 129 5788-5789. 

Stem cell therapy— both somatic cell and germ cell... 

Stem Ceii Therapy With stem cell therapy, the aim is to grow body parts to replace defective human organs and nerves. The stem cells are harvested from... 

A drawback for stem cell therapy is the problem of cell rejection due to the host s immune system recognizing the cells as foreign. This rejection issue has to be overcome to ensure stem cell therapy is a viable treatment. Recently, French scientists reported on research progress in stem cell transplants for curing children with sickle cell anemia. A mix of antirejection drugs was used to suppress rejection of the new stem cells. 

Stem cell therapy is aimed at replacing, supplementing, repairing or reprogramming defective systems or cells in patients with immune system... 

Stem cell therapy involves infusion of specialized cells utilized to perform specific functions. The traditional use of cell therapy includes harvest and cryopreservation of autologous hematopoietic cells either from the bone marrow (old approach) or mobilization and pheresis of hematopoietic stem cells from peripheral blood using stem cell-mobilizing cytokines such as hematopoietic colony-stimulating factors (G-CSF, GM-CSF) or chemokine inhibitors (AMD-3100). A more recent stem cell source is umbilical cord blood that has rich pleuripotent potential and can engraft at lower doses than bone marrow or mobilized peripheral blood stem cells. 

However, new insights into the mechanisms of cardiac repair have provided evidence that the adult heart can at least partially repair injury and that vasculogenesis may not occur solely during embryonic development. These insights, in turn, have sparked strong interest in the field of stem cell therapy [2, 3]. Prompted by evidence that adult bone marrow harbors a reservoir of plastic cells [4], animal experiments have generated evidence... 

The field of stem cell therapy has benefited from the work of numerous basic and clinical scientists whose studies have greatly improved our understanding of the processes involved in cardiac repair and neovascularization. The creation of new blood vessels (neovascularization) requires the formation of new mature endothelial cells. In this process, the new... 

Adult bone marrow-derived stem cells are presently the cell types most widely utilized in cardiac stem cell therapy. A heterogeneous subset, termed autologous bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (ABMMNCs), is composed of small amounts of stromal or MSCs, HPCs, EPCs, and more committed cell lineages, such as natural killer lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and others [2]. 

Endothelial progenitor cell numbers appear to decrease in the presence of risk factors for CAD and to correlate negatively with Framingham cardiovascular risk factors [31]. Therefore, stem cell therapy with EPCs may prove very useful in the clinical setting of cardiovascular disease. The kinetic and biological properties of EPCs may be especially appropriate for autologous transplantation. EPCs may also be safe to use in elderly and diabetic patients, populations in which they do not tend to migrate as much or induce neovascularization [68]. 

Clinical Trials of Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy... 

Preclinical experiments have provided solid evidence supporting the efficacy of cardiac ABMMNC therapy however, further investigation at the molecular level is needed to elucidate the mechanistic aspects of stem cell therapy—an area where more questions than answers remain. 

The transdifferentiation of HSCs into a mature hematopoietic fate (e.g., endothelium) in the heart is less controversial [148]. In animal models of stem cell therapy in ischemic heart disease, the evidence points toward increased neovascularization (with reduced myocardial ischemia) and consequent improvement in cardiac function [149-151]. Bone marrow stem cells may directly contribute to an increase in contractility or, more likely, may passively limit infarct expansion and remodeling. Unfortunately, the limitations of the present animal models leave this question unanswered. 

Thum et al. [153] have provided an alternative explanation for the functional improvement seen with stem cell therapy after AMI. They propose that stem cells produce an immunomodulating effect that would, in turn, reduce scar formation, repress cardiac apoptosis, and, thus, improve cardiac function (Fig. 7.14). 

Another potential deleterious effect of bone marrow stem cell therapy is myocardial calcification. In a recent study, Yoon et al. [155] noted that direct transplantation of unselected bone marrow cells into acutely infarcted myocardium could induce significant intramyocardial calcification. In the same study, however, ABMMNCs did not. 

Despite many unresolved issues related to treatment dose, timing, and delivery, the clinical potential of stem cell therapy for cardiovascular disease is enormous. The expectations of both patients and clinicians for this new therapeutic modality, however, are high and to achieve the full potential stem cell therapy has to offer will require continued cooperation and future close collaboration between basic and clinical scientists. 

With regard to left ventricular function, cardiac stem cell therapy is well tolerated overall. No proar-rhythmic effects have been observed to date with ABMMNC therapy, although other deleterious effects are possible. Early concerns about abnormal transdifferentiation and tumorigenesis have subsided, but the potential for accelerated atherogen-esis remains, given the limited clinical experience... 

Perin EC, Geng YJ, Willerson JT. Adult stem cell therapy in perspective. Circulation 2003 107 935-938. 

Barry FP. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy in joint disease. Novartis Found Symp2002 249 S6-96 discussion 96-102, 170-104, 239-141. 

Murad-Netto S, Moura R, Romeo LJ, Manoel Neto A, Duarte N, Barreto F, Jensen A, Vina RE, Vraslovik F, Oberdan A, Benetti F, Saslavsky J, Vina ME, Amino JG. Stem cell therapy with retrograde coronary perfusion in acute myocardial infarction. A new technique. Arq Bras Cardiol 2004 S3 352-254 349-351. 

Stem cell therapy has captured the imagination of many researchers because of the... 

Stem Cell Therapy to Repair Damage from Heart Attacks... 

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