Cell grafts

Poly(alpha-hydroxy acids) with seeded Schwann cells or Schwann cell grafts were also found to be effective candidates for spinal cord... 

Wu, P., Tarasenko,Y. I., Gu,Y., Huang, L. Y., Coggeshall, R. E. and Yu, Y. Region-specific generation of cholinergic neurons from fetal human neural stem cells grafted in adult rat. Nat. Neurosci. 5 1271-1278,2002. 

Vroemen, M, Aigner, L., Winkler, J., Weidner, N. (2003). Adult neural progenitor cell grafts survive after acute spinal cord injury and integrate along axonal pathways. Eur J Neurosci, 18, 743-51. 

Immunohistochemical and electron microscopic study of invasion and differentiation in spinal cord lesion of neural stem cells grafted through cerebrospinal fluid in rat. Wu, S., Suzuki, Y., Noda, T., Bai, H., Kitada, M., Kataoka, K., Nishimura,... 

Isolation and characterization of neural progenitor and stem cells from the adult rodent hippocampus, adult hippocampal-derived neural progenitor and stem cells grafted in the adult brain (Gage et al., 1995)... 

Adventitial delivery, cell grafting, or in vitro treatment of bypass grafts... 

Small doses decreased rejection of spleen cell grafts in mice larger doses increased it 391... 

The real promise of a stem cell-based approach for cardiac regeneration and repair lies in the promotion of myogenesis and angiogenesis at the site of the cell graft to achieve both structural and functional benefits, Despite all of the progress and promise in this field, many unanswered questions... 

Stem cell-based therapy for cerebral ischemia will be more complicated, because the extensive cell death and massive inflammatory response make these brains a more hostile environment for cell grafts. Various sources of cells have been tested for their ability to reconstruct the forebrain and improve function after transplantation in animal models of stroke (Lindvall and Kokaia, 2004). In most cases, only a few grafted cells could survive. Some recent exciting findings in rodents suggest that stroke can induce an increase in neurogenesis thus, a new therapeutic approach based on self-repair has been brought forth, as discussed in Sect. 13.11.1. 

Hofstetter CP, Holmstrom NA, Lilja JA, Schweinhardt P, Hao J, Spenger C, Wiesenfeld-HaUin Z, Kurpad SN, Frisen J, Olson L (2005) AUo-dynia limits the usefulness of intraspinal neural stem cell grafts directed differentiation improves outcome. Nat Neurosci 8 346-353. 

Broadwell RD, Charlton HM, Ebert P, Hickey WF, Villegas JC, Wolf AL (1990) Angiogenesis and the blood-brain barrier in solid and dissociated cell grafts within the CNS. Prog Brain Res 82 95-101. 

Dehaut, F., Haddad, K., Alhayek, G., and Pouplard-Barthelaix, A., Autoantibodies against H- and M-subunits of neurofilaments are induced by PC 12 cell grafts or lesions into different sites of rat brain, Neurosci. Lett., 165, 59, 1994. 

Date, I., Parkinson s disease, trophic factors, and adrenal medullary chromaffin cell grafting basic and clinical studies, Brain Res. Bull., 40, 1, 1996. 

Keywords Fuel cells, Grafting, Membranes, Polyelectrolyte complexes, Sulfo-nated polymers. Surface modification... 

A possible novel therapeutic strategy for heart failure following myocardial infarction may be to increase the number of functional myocytes within the diseased area by the implantation of exogenous myogenic cells. Early studies used neonatal rat cardiomyocytes for transplantation, as these cells have cardiac phenotype and still retain some proliferation capacity [2-4]. Fetal cardiomyocyte cell grafts showed the formation of cell-to-cell contacts, complete with gap junction proteins [4]. Moreover, cultured human fetal cardiomyocytes were shown to survive, and fetal rat cardiomyocytes were shown to be present in the infarcted rats hearts for up to 6 months after transplantation [5]. Further studies in animal models of myocardial infarction showed that grafting of cardiomyocytes from fetal and neonatal sources was asso-... 

In a study on chronic inhalation toxicity of acetaldehyde on rats, the compound was found to effect increased mortality, growth retardation, and nasal tumors (Woutersen et al. 1986). The study indicates that acetaldehyde is both cytotoxic and carcinogenic to the nasal mucosa of rats. Investigating the toxicity of tobacco-related aldehydes in cultured human bronchial epithelial cells, Graft-strom et al. (1985) reported that acetaldehyde was weakly cytotoxic, less so than acrolein and formaldehyde. 

---