Scar formation

The cornea must be transparent to allow normal function of the eye. Therefore even a tiny degree of scar formation, commonly induced by exposure... 

Narben, m. (Leather, etc.) grain, -bildung, /. scar formation, cicatrization pitting, -bin-degewebe, -gewebe, n. scar tissue, -leder, n. grain leather. -Si, n. (Leather) grain oil. 

In vivo biocompatibility was assessed through subcutaneous implantation in Sprague-Dawley rats. PLGA was used as a control polymer. PGS and PLGA implants with the same surface area/volume ratio were implanted in dorsal subcutaneous pockets. A fibrous capsule around PGS (45 pm thick after 35 days implantation) appeared later than that around PLGA (140 pm thick after 14 days implantation). After 60 days of implantation, the implant was completely absorbed with no signs of granulation or scar formation. ... 

It is important to obtain details regarding isotretinoin (Accutane, Roacutane) treatment and history of keloid or hypertrophic scar formation. Isotretinoin use necessitates a delay period of 6-12 months (depending on the skin thickness and oiliness) until chemical peel is performed. Active acne is not a contraindication for chemical peel. In these cases the peel is combined with systemic antibiotics for 2-3 weeks. It is always advisable to consider isotretinoin treatment after the peel to avoid acne flare and scar reappearance. 

Gastric outlet obstruction occurs in approximately 2% of patients with PUD and is usually caused by ulcer-related inflammation or scar formation near the peripyloric region. Signs and symptoms of outlet obstruction include early satiety after meals, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and weight loss. Ulcer healing with conventional acid-suppressive therapy is the primary treatment, but if this is unsuccessful then an endoscopic procedure (e.g., balloon dilation) is required. 

Aqueous solutions of 10% and 20% propylene oxide applied to the skin of rabbits caused hyperemia and edema when the duration of skin contact was 6 minutes or longer severe exposures resulted in scar formation. ... 

Suture size has some correspondence to the tissue being bound together with thinner tissues like the face requiring thinner sutures. Thinner sutures are also required for facial surgery to limit scar formation. 

Both varieties of catgut are not employed for facial or surface use because of their tendency for scar formation and inflammatory response. 

Thum et al. [153] have provided an alternative explanation for the functional improvement seen with stem cell therapy after AMI. They propose that stem cells produce an immunomodulating effect that would, in turn, reduce scar formation, repress cardiac apoptosis, and, thus, improve cardiac function (Fig. 7.14). 

Inasmuch as myositis was reported in the second paper as well as in the first,52 this response must be induced by the oximes and not by bacteria. The second paper showed that oral doses of 1 and TMB-4 CI2 induced the same sort of scar formation as II in the gastric mucosa, so that this response may be induced by either the oxlmlno group or the quaternary nitrogen atom. It would be informative in this regard to have the results of an experiment in which capsules of pyridine-2-aldoxime and of N-methylpyridinium chloride were administered in a similar fashion. 

Insertion-related complications include infection, hematoma formation, local irritation, scar formation, early implant expulsions, and allergic reactions to the dressing. A pooled analysis of insertion site complications in multicountry studies showed that 0.8% of women develop infection after insertion of Norplant, generally within the first week, but sometimes several months later (49). Implant expulsion occurred at some stage in 0.4% of users, often because of infection but sometimes because of poor placement. Two-thirds of expulsions were reported more than 2 months after insertion. The rates of such complications vary widely between practices and between countries. 

As another application of LCM to CNS injury, Ho et al. (ref. 533) studied the affinity of LCM to the site of a localized (thermal) brain injury. It had been well documented that in response to injury in the CNS, astrocytes are activated which is accompanied by an increased content of GFAP, hypertrophy, and hyperplasia (ref. 679-683). (This process of gliosis (ref. 682) results in scar formation it has been speculated that the scar may inhibit axonal regeneration (ref. 684)) (ref. 533). Ho et al. observed that the influx of LCM began at the time when GFAP-positive cells began to appear. It seemed likely that LCM are initially attracted to the reactive astrocytes, but subsequently the LCM were found to be excluded... 

In acute and first chronic implantations in rabbits, the stimulator structures showed an excellent performance. Only minor foreign body reaction occurred. The fixation support structures are located apart from the stimulation site. By this, more choices are available to fix the structure to the retina. Possible ophthalmologic fixation methods include laser scar formation and retinal tacks without affecting the ganglionic structures directly under the stimulation elec-... 

In an adult, HA levels rapidly reach a maximum and then drop rapidly,107-109 reminiscent of the stages in embryology. Decreasing HA levels are followed by increasing amounts of chondroitin sulfate, the appearance of fibroblasts and then deposition of a collagen-rich ECM. In an adult, wound healing often results in scar formation. 

Longaker, M.T. et al., Studies in fetal wound healing, VI. Second and early third trimester fetal wounds demonstrate rapid collagen deposition without scar formation. J. Ped. Surg., 25, 63, 1990. 

---