Tissue reconstruction

DW Urry, A Pattanaik. Elastic protein-based materials in tissue reconstruction. Ann NY Acad Sci 831 32-46, 1997. 

Muscles contract and expand in response to electrical, thermal, and chemical stimuli. Certain polymers, such as synthetic polypeptides, are known to change shape on application of electric current, temperature, and chemical environment. For instance, selected bioelastic smart materials expand in salt solutions and may be used in desalination efforts and as salt concentration sensors. Polypeptides and other polymeric materials are being studied in tissue reconstruction, as adhesive barriers to prevent adhesion growth between surgically operated tissues, and in controlled drug release, where the material is designed to behave in a predetermined matter according to a specific chemical environment. 

Biocompatible ortho aromatic polyanhydrides, (IV), prepared by Uhrich [5] were used in drug delivery systems and as scaffolding implants for tissue reconstruction. 

A sublibrary L17, made of 42 diverse library individuals (Fig. 11.23), was screened in an in vivo model for the proliferation of fibroblasts, where a high value represented a candidate for the tissue reconstruction process around the medical implant. The screening protocol was performed in parallel, and a correlation was established between the fibroblast proliferation (biological property) and the air-water contact angle (physicochemical property). A crude SAR was assessed for further, more... 

From our present knowledge base, it is logical to conclude that human mast cells mature into one or other of two basic phenotypes, the development of MCts being dependent on factors derived from the immune system while the MCtcs appear to be independent of the immune system and probably have a role in tissue reconstruction. However, the expression of cell surfece receptors on mast cells appears to be determined by the local environment and to be independent of phenotype. 

Shimizu, T. Yamato, M. Kikuchi, A. Okano, T. Cell sheet engineering for myocardial tissue reconstruction. Biomaterials 2003, 24 (13), 2309-2316. 

Clothing made from this fabric is used to protect firefighters because of its fire resistance. Because it also insulates, Gore-Tex clothing is used by military forces and by many amateur athletes, for protection during strenuous activity in the cold. In addition to its use in protective clothing, Gore-Tex has been used in millions of medical procedures for sutures, synthetic blood vessels, and tissue reconstruction. 

Shall, L.M. and Cawley, P.W. 1994. Soft tissue reconstruction in the shoulder. Comparison of suture anchors, absorbable staples, and absorbable tacks. Amer. J. Sports Med. 22 715. 

S. F. Badylak, The extracellular matrix as a scaffold for tissue reconstruction, in Seminars in Cell Developmental Biology, Elsevier, New York, 2002, pp. 377-383. 

J. Hodde, Extracellular matrix as a bioactive material for soft tissue reconstruction, ANZ J. Surg. 76 (2006) 1096—1100. 

Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering for Soft Tissue Reconstruction... 

I. Wu, Z. Nahas, K.A. Kimmerling, G.D. Rosson, J.H. Elisseeff, An injectable adipose matrix for soft-tissue reconstruction, Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 129 (2012) 1247-1257. 

II. Functionality Organ and tissue replacement. Tissue reconstruction, intemai organ support, Disposabie medicai devices. Drug deiivery... 

D.W. Urry and A. Pattanaik, Elastic Protein-based Materials in Tissue Reconstruction. Ann. N.YAcad Sci., 831,32-16,1997. 

A few examples are discussed in Chapter 9 wherein the future will see the biosynthesis of biodegradable protein-based thermoplastics, materials to prevent postsurgical adhesions, temporary functional scaffoldings to direct tissue reconstruction, and drug delivery devices for new drug release regimens. 

The ftunUy of protein-based polymers emphasized here look back to the parent repeating elastic peptide sequence (GVGVP) , which was found in the mammalian elastic fiber, a soft tissue. Because of this, it is perhaps most appropriate to begin consideration of medical applications with the subject of soft tissue restoration. The word restoration describes a treatment not to replace, as is often implied in terms of tissue engineering and tissue reconstruction, but rather to set the stage for the regeneration of a more nearly natural state. 

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