Body part

Among the vast diversity of vertebrate animals, there are certain body elements that many have in common, such as skin and bones. The following is a general discussion of those body parts that have historically been used to make things, either in their natural state, or processed somehow. 

Order Examples Genera Species % of all mammal species Geographic range  

Marsupiala Opossum, ringtail, bandicoot, koala, wombat, kangaroo, wallaby, tasmanian devil 70 239 6% North and South America, Australia, Asia 

Dermoptera Flying lemur, coluga 1 2 1% South-east Asia 

Primates Lemur, loris, marmoset, monkey, ape, human 43 148 4% Worldwide 

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As an emergency treatment, the washing of the contaminated body parts with a 5% thiosulfate solution is recommended. If swallowed, gastric lavage with 5% solution of thiosulfate, followed by saline catharsis should be accompHshed. If pulmonary signs are severe, oxygen should be suppHed with intermittent positive-pressure breathing apparatus. 

These ahoys are used as fuses, sprinkler system ahoys, foundry pattern ahoys, molds, dies, punches, cores, and mandrels where the low melting ahoy is often melted out of a mold. The ahoys are also used as solders, for the repHcation of human body parts (see Prosthetic devices), and as filler for tube bending. Lead—iadium ahoys are often used to joia metals to glass. 

Conventional thermoforming of sheet and film is appHcable to the production of skylights, radomes, signs, curved wiadshields, prototype production of body parts for automobiles, skimohiles, boats, etc. Because BPA polycarbonate is malleable, it can be cold-formed like metal, and may be cold-roUed, stamped, or forged. 

The largest industrial appHcation of impreg is in die models for automobile body parts and other model dies. The dimensional stabiHty and ease of shaping are the reasons that impreg, although expensive, has wide appHcation. 

Decorative chromium plating, 0.2—0.5 ]lni deposit thickness, is widely used for automobile body parts, appHances, plumbing fixtures, and many other products. It is customarily appHed over a nonferrous base in the plating of steel plates. To obtain the necessary corrosion resistance, the nature of the undercoat and the porosity and stresses of the chromium are all carefliUy controlled. Thus microcracked, microporous, crack-free, or conventional chromium may be plated over duplex and triplex nickel undercoats. 

Cosmetics are products created by the cosmetic industry and marketed directiy to consumers. The cosmetic industry is dominated by manufacturers of finished products but also includes manufacturers who seU products to distributors as weU as suppHers of raw and packaging materials. Cosmetics represent a large group of consumer products designed to improve the health, cleanliness, and physical appearance of the human exterior and to protect a body part against damage from the environment. Cosmetics are promoted to the pubHc and are available without prescription. 

Skin-Care Products. Preparations aregeneraHy classified by body part and purpose. For example ... 

Stmctural plastics mouldings (a) furniture of all kinds (b) car body parts (c) TV, radio and loudspeaker cabinets (d) brush handles and gun stocks... 

If the rf source is applied to the analysis of conducting bulk samples its figures of merit are very similar to those of the dc source [4.208]. This is also shown by comparative depth-profile analyses of commercial coatings an steel [4.209, 4.210]. The capability of the rf source is, however, unsurpassed in the analysis of poorly or nonconducting materials, e.g. anodic alumina films [4.211], chemical vapor deposition (CVD)-coated tool steels [4.212], composite materials such as ceramic coated steel [4.213], coated glass surfaces [4.214], and polymer coatings [4.209, 4.215, 4.216]. These coatings are used for automotive body parts and consist of a number of distinct polymer layers on a metallic substrate. The total thickness of the paint layers is typically more than 100 pm. An example of a quantitative depth profile on prepainted metal-coated steel is shown as in Fig. 4.39. 

The thickness of the foam helps in the wet-out of uneven body parts. 

Die body Part of an extrusion die that holds the core and forming bushing. 

Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene polymers are similar in stmeture, but the acrylonitrile hardens the polymer. Minute rubber particles act as stress-relief centers, making it good for large objects luggage or car body parts. It can be chrome plated, foamed, injection molded, blown, and alloyed wiih other pla.siic. . 

Advances in materials science have been a leading factor contributing to improvements in vehicle fuel economy and performance since the 1973 oil embargo. Better tire materials have reduced rolling resistance, better materials for moving parts have reduced friction, and most importantly lighter body parts have reduced the overall weight of vehicles. 

Plastics have made many major contributions to the contemporary scene. Health-care professionals depend on plastics for everything from intravenous bags to wheelchairs, disposable labware to silicone body parts, etc. The diversity of plastics allows them to serve in many ways, improving and prolonging lives, such as a braided, corrugated Dacron (Du Pont s polyester) aorta tube (24). 

Polyurethane, thermoplastic TPU has excellent properties except for heat resistance (usually only up to 250°F 121°C). It is used in alloys with ABS or PVC for property enhancement. Typical uses are in automobile fascias and exterior body parts, tubing, cord, shoe soles, ski boots and other oil and wear resistant products. 

DISTURBED BODY IMAGE The lesions caused by the fungal infections may cause the patient to feel negatively about die body or a body part. It is important for... 

Phosphate also plays a central role in the transmission and control of chemical energy within the cells primarily via the hydrolysis of the terminal phosphate ester bond of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecule (Fig. 14-3b). In addition, phosphate is a necessary constituent of phospholipids, which are important components in cell membranes, and as mentioned before, of apatite, which forms structural body parts such as teeth and bones. It is not surprising, therefore, that the cycling of P is closely linked with biological processes. This connection is, in fact, inseparable as organisms cannot exist without P, and their existence controls, to a large extent, the natural distribution of P. 

From the experimental point of view, two important features need emphasis. First, the diet can be split into as many components as are appropriate to the problem, provided the list is complete. Secondly, the molecular level at which the components are categorized, either for the diet or for the body parts, is entirely open to choice, within the bounds set by the experimental data. Ideally, an extensive set of DIFFs could be set up at the molecular level (on individual amino acids, for example), from which the behavior at the level of proteins could be derived. However, the data to do this are simply... 

However, any DIFF does have implied assumptions. For the type formulated here—proposed because it seems the simplest available—it is only useful if d and f() can be regarded as basically stable entities, and having some degree of generality. It relies on a reasonably sensible partition of the diet into components, and choice of body-part components to relate to them. For example, attempts to evaluate d and f() for body protein in terms of a diet partitioned as carbohydrate and non-carbohydrate will very likely to produce incoherent results. To this extent, the use of a DIFF does already imply some kind of model and, seen in these terms, must be chosen to be consistent with physiology. 

Gamporesi, Piero, The Consecrated Host A Wondrous Excess, in Fragments for a History of the Human Body, Part One. Edited by Michel Feher, Ramona Naddaff and Nadia Tazi (New York Urzone, 1989) 221-37. 

You could visit earth, hire a mechanical workshop in a remote area, car-jack a few specimens, and dissect them. You would observe that cars differ in their colour, shape, size and spec. Some may even contain a bar, cinema or swimming pool, but, perhaps, limousines are excluded from your exploration. On closer examination you would notice small ID-numbers imprinted on various strategic body parts. In short - you would find no two cars that are exactly the same. 

Tinea infections are superficial fungal infections in which the pathogen remains within the keratinous layers of the skin or nails. Typically these infections are named for the affected body part, such as tinea pedis (feet), tinea cruris (groin), and tinea corporis (body). Tinea infections are commonly referred to as ringworm due to the characteristic circular lesions. In actuality, tinea lesions can vary from rings to scales and single or multiple lesions. 

Computed tomography (CT) scan A series of x-ray scans taken from different angles and then compiled by computer to show a cross-section of a body part of interest a method of body imaging that uses x-ray technology to create cross-sectional images of a person s body. 

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