Salmon

Class Synthetic polypeptide hormone with the same linear sequence of amino acids as calcitonin ot salmon origin 

Mechanism of Action Causes transient inhibition ot the bone resorptive process possibly through inhibition of osteoclast function with loss of the ruffled osteoclast border responsible for resorption of bone 

Warning Possibility of systemic allergic reaction exists because Calcitonin-salmon is a polypeptide 

Special Precautions Periodic nasal examinations are recommended Pregnancy Category C 

Adverse Reactions Rhinitis and other nasal symptoms Back pain Arthralgia Epistaxis Headache 

Some important freshwater flsh are eels carp tench roach silver bream pike, jackflsh or pickerel perch, pike-perch or blue pike salmon rainbow, river or brown trout and pollan (freshwater herring or white flsh). Unlike sea flsh, the catch of freshwater flsh is of little economic importance (cf Table 13.2), although it does offer an important source of biologically valuable proteins. 

Freshwater and sea eels Anguilla anguilla, A. rostrata, Conger conger, etc.) are sold fresh, marinated, jellied, frozen or smoked as unripe summer (yellow or brown eel) or ripe winter eels (bright or silver eel). Due to their high fat content (cf Table 13.5), eels are not readily digestible. 

Salmon Salmo salar) and sea trout Salmo trutta) are migratory. Salted or frozen flsh are supplied to the European market by Norway and by imports from Alaska and the Paciflc Coast of Canada. Also included in this group are river trout Salmo trutta f fario) and lake trout Salmo gairdnerii), which is commonly called steelhead trout in North America when it journeys between the sea and inland lakes. 

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Shaw S L, Salmon E D and Quatrano R S 1995 Digital photography for the light microscope results with a gated, video-rate CCD camera and NIFI-image software BioTechniques 19 946-55... 

M. S. Warren and J. K. Salmon, A Parallel, Portable and Versatile Tdreecode, Proceedings, Seventh SIAM Conference on Parallel Processing for Scientific Computing, SIAM, Philadelphia (1995), pp. 319-324. 

Cyanide is determined at concentrations greater than 1 ppm by making the sample alkaline with NaOH and titrating with a standard solution of AgN03, forming the soluble Ag(CN)2 complex. The end point is determined using p-dimethylaminobenzalrhodamine as a visual indicator, with the solution turning from yellow to a salmon color in the presence of excess Ag+. 

Fishes in the family Salmonidae (trout and salmon) are in high demand, with the interest in salmon being greatest in developed nations. Salmon, mostiy Atiantic salmon, are produced in Canada, Chile, Norway, New Zealand, Scotiand, and the United States. Fishes in the family Cichhdae which includes several cultured species of tilapia, are reared primarily in the tropics, but have been widely introduced throughout both the developed and developing world. 

Salmon, steelhead trout, and a variety of marine fishes are currentiy being reared in net-pens (Fig. 5). The typical salmon net-pen is several meters on each side and may be as much as 10 m deep (1). Smaller units, called cages, are sometimes used by freshwater culturists. Cages tend to have volumes of no more than a few cubic meters. 

Fig. 5. Marine net-pens such as the ones shown here in Puget Sound, Washington (U.S.), are used for the rearing of salmon by commercial fish farmers.

Fig. 6. A salmon net-pen in Scotland designed for use offshore, and in this case, exposed coastal waters.

Requirements for energy, protein, carbohydrates, Hpids, vitamins and minerals have been determined for the species commonly cultured (9). As a rule of thumb, trout and salmon diets will, if consumed, support growth and survival in virtually any aquaculture species. Such diets often serve as the control against which experimental diets are compared. 

Animals that do not readily accept pelleted feeds may be enticed to do so if the feed carries an odor that induces ingestion. Color development is an important consideration in aquarium species and some animals produced for human food. External coloration is desired in aquarium species. Pink flesh in cultured salmon is desired by much of the consuming pubHc. Coloration, whether external or of the flesh, can be achieved by incorporating ingredients that contain pigments or by adding extracts or synthetic compounds. One class of additives that imparts color is the carotenoids. 

Species such as carp, salmon, trout, channel catfish, and tilapia have been bred for many generations in captivity though they usually differ httle in appearance or genetically from their wild counterparts. A few exceptions exist, such as the leather carp, a common carp strain selectively bred to produce only one row of scales, and the Donaldson trout, a strain of rainbow trout developed over numerous generations to grow more rapidly to larger size and... 

Unlike catfish, tilapia, trout and salmon, that produce several hundred to several thousand eggs per female, many marine species produce large numbers of very small eggs. Hundreds of thousands to millions of eggs are produced by such species as haUbut, flounders, red dmm, striped bass, and shrimp. Catfish, salmon, and trout spawn once a year, while tilapia and some marine species spawn repeatedly if the proper environmental conditions are maintained (1). Red dmm, for example, spawn every few days for periods of several months when light and temperature and properly controlled (10). 

E. Flanigan, Fligh Performance Eiquid Chromatography in the Production and Quality Control of Salmon Calcitonin, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Ind., 1991, p. 207. 

J. Salmon and M. Mouren, ia E. E. Baulieu and S. J. Segal, eds.. The Pintiprogestin Steroid RU486 and Human Fertility Control, Plenum Press, New... 

Fluorescent Dyestuffs. Very few dyes are of use in making daylight-fluorescent products. Of the dyes discovered up to 1920, only the brilliant ted and salmon dyes of the rhodamine and rosamine classes ate used in fluorescent materials in the 1990s. The first of these, Rhodamine B, was discovered in 1877. Fluorescence excited by both uv and visible light components in daylight was formally recognized as a notable property of certain dyed fabrics by the 1920s (1). 

Theory and Equipment. Many diseases of the human body can be identified by visual appearance. Tumors in the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract, for example, possess a characteristic salmon pink color (3). The presence of such a color can be an indication of disease. Endoscopy is the medical imaging tool used to detect such colors in the inside of hoUow internal organs such as the rectum, urethra, urinary bladder, stomach, colon, etc. An endoscope is the instmment used to perform endoscopy. Endoscopic imaging involves the production of a tme color picture of the inside of the human body using lenses and either hoUow pipes, a fiber optic bundle, or a smaU CCD camera. AU three use a large field-of-view, sometimes referred to as a fish eye, lens to aUow a 180° field of view. 

D. D. Gibbs, K. F. R. Schiller and P. R. Salmon, eds.. Modem Techniques in GastrointestinalTndoscopj, Year Book Medical PubHshers, Chicago, 1976,... 

Fig. 3. Lethal temperature thresholds for aquatic species. Patterns are general for all species, but exact temperatures are species-specific, (a) Tolerance polygon of upper and lower lethal (50%) temperatures for one-week exposures of an example species (juvenile sockeye salmon) which has been held at the acclimation temperature, with more restrictive thresholds indicated as dashed lines (b) time-dependent mortaUty (50%) of an example species (juvenile chinook salmon) at temperatures above the one-week lethal threshold after hoi ding at different acclimation temperatures. The dashed line ABC indicates transition to less than 50% mortaUty at lower temperatures and coincides with the upper lethal threshold of this species tolerance polygon. Reproduced by...

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