Salmon, testes

This method was applied to the determination of these oxidized nucleosides in salmon testes using [ Cio, N5]-8-hydroxy-2 -deoxyguanosine (L-8-OH-dG) as the internal standard (Figure 5.65). Four of the oxidized products were below the limits of detection of the method, while the concentration of 8-OH-dG was determined to be 0.93 ppb. 

Figure 5.65 LC-UV and LC-MS-MS (multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM)) traces from the analysis of a enzymatically digested solution of 100 p,g salmon testes DNA (for nomenclature, see text). Reprinted by permission of Elsevier Science from Comparison of negative- and positive-ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry for the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of oxidized deoxynucleosides , by Hua, Y., Wainhaus, S. B., Yang, Y., Shen, L., Xiong, Y., Xu, X., Zhang, F., Bolton, J. L. and van Breemen, R. B., Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry, Vol. 12, pp. 80-87, Copyright 2000 by the American Society for Mass Spectrometry.

Taken from ref 3. Results with calf thymus DNA are reported to be similar to those with salmon testes DNA. 

Measured with sheared salmon testes DNA at buffered to a pH of 7.4 with 20 mM tris HCl. 21 °C in 2% ethanol Taken from ref. 3. 

We have purified natural double-strand DNA from salmon testes, in which anionic DNA complexes with cationic proteins of protamine. After mincing salmon testes, the homogenized solution was treated with protease in order... 

A DNA-lipid complex was prepared by simply mixing two aqueous solutions of DNA and cationic lipids as follows. An aqueous solution of DNA Na" from salmon testes (ca. 30 000 bps or 500 bps) and an aqueous solution of 1.1 eq. mol of cationic amphiphiles were mixed at room temperature and... 

Cai et al. [7e] investigated electron and hole transfer in various polynucleotide duplexes and compared them with previous results found for salmon sperm DNA, to examine the effect of base sequence on excess electron and hole transfer along the DNA 71-way at low temperature. Electron and hole transfer in DNA was found to be clearly base sequence dependent. In glassy aqueous systems (7M LiBr glasses at 77 K), excess electron-transfer rates increase in the order polydIdC-polydIdCexcess electron and hole transfer rates increase in the order polyC-polyGTransfer distances at 1 min and distance decay constants for electron and hole transfer from base radicals to MX in polynucleotides-MX and DNA-MX at 77 K are derived and compiled in Table 3. This table clearly shows that the electron-transfer rate from donor sites decreases in... 

Fig. 2 Quartz crystal microbalance frequency shifts for cycles of alternate myoglobin/ds-DNA and cytochrome P450cam/ds-DNA adsorption on gold resonators coated with mixed mono-layers of mercaptoproionic acid/mercaptopropanol as first layer and PDDA as second layer. DNA was from salmon testes (ST) and calf thymus (CT). Average values are shown for five replicates of [Mb/ST ds-DNA] (0) and four replicates of [cyt P450cam/ST ds-DNA] ( ) films. (From Ref. [15] with permission. Copyright American Chemical Society.)...

Fig. 10 The influence of reaction time with 2% styrene+ 0.2 mM H202 on catalytic SWV peak in 50 pM Ru(bpy)3+ (a) for PDDA/ds-ST-DNA(/cyt P450cam/ds-ST-DNA)2 films ( ) in 50 pM Ru(bpy) + solution. Control (O) is for incubation with 0.2 mM H202. (b) PDDA/ds-DNA(/Mb/ds-DNA)2 films using CT-DNA ( ) and ST-DNA ( ) (5-15 trials per data point, CT = calf thymus, ST = salmon testes). Also shown are controls representing incubation of ST-DNA/Mb films with 2% styrene but no H202 ( ), 2% toluene+ 0.2 mM H202 ( ), and 0.2 mM benzaldehyde + 0.2 mM H202 (A) (average peak current for unreacted DNA/enzyme electrodes was subtracted). (From Ref. [15] with permission. Copyright American Chemical Society.)...

For each mutant, a sample containing the pCLI plasmid of interest and carrier DNA (e.g., Salmon testes DNA, Sigma) in a total of 5 fig of DNA in less than 10 fil volume is added to 100 pi of competent cells placed in the bottom of a sterile 12-ml Falcon 2051 tube (Becton Dickinson, Lincoln Park, NJ). The contents are swirled gently to mix, and the tube is incubated for 10 min. 

NA-based catalysts were obtained from salmon testes DNA. 

Deoxyribonucleic acid sodium salt from salmon testes (fsDNA) was purchased from Sigma (Product D1626). Solution of natural fish sperm DNA prepared in MilliQ water gives UV absorbance ratios of -1.8-1.9 at 260 and 280 nm M260/A,80), respectively, which indicates that DNA is sufficiently free of protein. Stock fsDNA is stored at 0-4°C and should be used within three days of preparation (see Notes 7-9). 

Sperm cells from salmon testes are a good source of non-mammalian DNA. The species of salmon used is Oncerhyncus keta. The %G-C content is -41.2%. The melting temperature (Tj is 87.5°C in 0.015 sodium citrate including 0.15 M NaCl. The lyophilized form can be stored at 2-8°C. The lyophilized DNA is assigned a shelf life of 5 years. DNA should be dissolved in... 

Native DNA. The dielectric dispersion of salmon testes DNA is shown in Figure 1. It is obvious that the dielectric constant of a DNA solution rises far above the dielectric constant of water and is still increasing at 50 c.p.s. Unless we have an entirely different measurement technique, we cannot hope to extend the frequency toward the lower frequency region. Thus at present it is not possible to obtain the complete dispersion curve to estimate the low frequency dielectric constant. 

Tobin (1969) has presented Raman spectra of calf thymus DNA and of salmon testes DNA as solids, aqueous gels, D2O gels, and alkaline aqueous gels. The spectra showed features which Tobin ascribed to the disordered helix B-helix transition. In the 1700-1600 cm region the spectra of the two DNA s did not agree with each other or with the infrared spectra. Table 12.4 shows data from infrared and Raman spectra of calf thymus DNA. 

In 2009, Roelfes and co-workers reported the catalytic AFC alkylation reaction with olefins in water mediated by a DNA-based catalyst. The DNA-based catalyst is self-assembled by combining a Cu" complex with salmon testes DNA (st-DNA), which is inexpensive and readily available. With 4,4 -dimethyl-2,2 -bipyridine (dmbpy) as the ligand, 30 mol% (0.3 mM) of [Cu(dmbpy)(N02)2] (Cu-dmbpy) and 1.4 mg mL of st-DNA (2 mM in base pairs) were found to be the optimal reaction conditions for the AFC reaction of indoles with o,p-unsaturated 2-acyl imidazoles 98. The AFC products 99 were obtained in good yields and enantioselectivity (Table 6.11). Particularly noteworthy was that with 0.15 mol% catalyst, good yields and high ee values (up to 93 /o) were also obtained for various a,p-unsaturated 2-acyl imidazoles 98 and indoles. 

Since the great success of the inorganic anticancer drug cisplatin, metal-based drug candidates are suspected to interfere with DNA, for example, by direct coordination. Incubation of salmon testes DNA with 31-36 showed efficient DNA association for all compoimds [109]. Indeed, the attachment was more efficient than for cisplatin. Even more effective was the precursor Co2(CO)s. This suggests that the interaction with DNA results from the cobalt-alkyne moiety. However, a correlation between the efficiency of DNA association and cytotoxicity could not be found. Moreover, after incubation with cobalt salicylates, the nuclei of both MCF-7 and MDA-MB 231 cells did not contain significant amounts of cobalt, as determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy [109]. Cell... 

Dixon, G.H., Smith, M. Nucleic acids and protamine in salmon testes. Prog. Nucleic Acid Res. Mol. Biol. 8, 9-34 (1968)... 

In 2009, the general asymmetric coupling of substituted pyrroles (110) and indoles (208) with 2-acylimidazole substrate of type 200 was extended to other catalyst complexes such as 0.15-0.3 mol % of copper 4,4 -dimethyl-2,2 -bipyridine [Cu(dmbpy)]/DNA complexes [1.4—7 ug/niL DNA base pairs] in aqueous media. Good enantioselectivities (83-93%) of the corresponding adducts 202 and 209, respectively, were observed using sources of DNA such as st-DNA (salmon testes-DNA) and DNA-1 with the self-complimentary sequence of d(TCAGGGCCCTGA)2. A key limitation of this approach was the requirement of at least 5 1 ratio of arene to 200 to achieve good conversion to the adducts (no scheme provided) ... 

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