Salmo trutta

Fig. 7. Toxicity of chlorine to aquatic organisms, (a) Time-dependent mortaUty (50%) of four example species in various levels of total residual chlorine in the laboratory, where for A, A.losa aestivalis and B, Salmogairdnerii r (correlation coefficient of the curve) = —0.96 and for C, P/euroneetesplatessa and D, Salmo trutta r = —0.98. (b) A summary of chlorine toxicity to freshwater species, indicating overall no-effect thresholds for acute and chronic exposures. Numbers indicate where more than one test yielded the same result. A different summary figure appHes to marine organisms because of differences in the...

Jaensson, A., Scott, A.P., and Moore, A. et al. (2007). Effects of a pyrethroid pesticide on endocrine responses to female odours and reproductive behaviour in male parr of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.). Aquatic Toxicology 81, 1-9. 

The Ebro catchment has the highest richness of autochthonous limnetic species in the Iberian Peninsula [51]. Salaria (blennius) fluviatilis, is common at the main channel and tributaries, and Chondrostoma toxostoma only occurs at the tributaries. Leuciscus cephalus is a fish of narrow distribution, found only at the Ebro river basin and other small catchments of NE Spain. Salmonids are common at the headwaters one species is native Salmo trutta and two introduced others, Salmo gairdneri and Salvelinus fontinalis. Part of the autocthonous species are endemic, for example the cyprinids Barbus graellsii and Barbus haasi, the cobitid C. calderoni with scattered and scarce populations [52] and A. iberus. 

Brown trout, Salmo trutta Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss Max. 2.05 FW 67... 

Brown, V., D. Shurben, W. Miller, and M. Crane. 1994. Cadmium toxicity to rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum and brown trout Salmo trutta L. over extended exposure periods. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety 29 38-46. 

Linde, A.R., R Arribas, S. Sanchez-Galan, and E. Garcia-Vazquez. 1996. Eel (Anguilla anguilla) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) target species to assess the biological impact of trace metal pollution in freshwater ecosystems. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 31 297-302. 

Sayer, M.D.J., J.P. Reader, and R. Morris. 1991. Embryonic and larval development of brown trout, Salmo trutta L. exposure to trace metal mixtures in soft water. Jour. Fish Biol. 38 773-787. 

Fjeld, E. and S. Rognerud. 1993. Use of path analysis to investigate mercury accumulation in brown trout (Salmo trutta) in Norway and the influence of environmental factors. Canad Jour. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 50 1158-1167. 

Gamier, J. and J.P. Baudin. 1990. Retention of ingested 110mAg by a freshwater fish, Salmo trutta L. Water Air Soil Pollut. 50 409-421. 

Several trends are evident from Table 9.6 (1) freshwater fishes are more sensitive to zinc than marine species (2) embryos and larvae are the most sensitive developmental stages (3) lethal and sublethal effects occur in the range 50 to 235 pg Zn/L for most species, and 4.9 to 9.8 pg Zn/L for brown trout (Salmo trutta) and (4) behavioral modifications, such as avoidance, occur at concentrations as low as 5.6 pg Zn/L. 

Everall, N.C., N.A.A. Macfarlane, and R.W. Sedgwick. 1989a. The interactions of water hardness and pH with the acute toxicity of zinc to the brown trout, Salmo trutta L. Jour. Fish Biol. 35 27-36. 

Brown trout, Salmo trutta fario, muscle 162 FW 9... 

Voiland, M.P. Jr., K.L. Gall, DJ. Lisk, and D.B. MacNeill. 1991. Effectiveness of recommended fat-trimming procedures on the reduction of PCB and mirex levels in brown trout (Salmo trutta) from Lake Ontario. Jour. Great Lakes Res. 17 454 160. 

Brown trout, Salmo trutta Catalonia, Spain isolated mountain lakes summers 1989, 1990 muscle ... 

Sediments and biota collected from the Hersey River, Michigan, in 1978, were heavily contaminated with phenanthrene, benz[a]anthracene, and benzo[a]pyrene when compared to a control site. Elevated PAH concentrations were recorded in sediments, whole insect larvae, crayfish muscle, and flesh of lampreys (family Petromyzontidae), brown trout (Salmo trutta), and white suckers (Catostomus commersoni), in that general order (Black et al. 1981). The polluted collection locale was the former site of a creosote wood preservation facility between 1902 and 1949, and, at the time of the study, received Reed City wastewater treatment plant effluent, described as an oily material with a naphthalene-like odor (Black et al. 1981). In San Francisco Bay, elevated PAH concentrations in fish livers reflected elevated sediment PAH concentrations (Stehr et al. 1997). In Chesapeake Bay, spot (Leiostomus xanthurus) collected from a PAH-contaminated tributary (up to 96 mg PAHs/kg DW sediment) had elevated cytochrome P-450 and EROD activity in liver and intestine microsomes (Van Veld et al. 1990). Intestinal P-450 activity was 80 to 100 times higher in fish from highly contaminated sites than in conspecifics from reference sites intestinal EROD activity had a similar trend. Liver P-450 and EROD activity was about 8 times higher in spot from the contaminated sites when compared to the reference sites. Liver P-450 activity correlated positively with sediment PAH, but intestinal P-450 activity seemed to reflect dietary exposure (Van Veld et al. 1990). The poor correlation between hepatic concentrations of PAHs and P-4501A is attributed to the rapid metabolism of these compounds (van der Weiden et al. 1994). 

After the Chernobyl accident, radiocesium isotopes were also elevated in trees and lichens bordering an alpine lake in Scandinavia and in lake sediments, invertebrates, and fishes (Table 32.18). Radiocesium levels in muscle of resident brown trout (Salmo trutta) remained elevated for at least 2 years (Brittain etal. 1991). People consuming food near this alpine lake derived about 90% of their effective dose equivalent from the consumption of freshwater fish, reindeer meat, and milk. The average effective dose equivalent of this group during the next 50 years is estimated at 6 to 9 mSv with a changed diet and 8 to 12 mSv without any dietary changes (Brittain et al. 1991). 

Aquatic organisms July-August 1986 Cladoceran, Bosmina longispina, whole Amphipod, Gammarus lacustris, whole Mayfly, Siphlonurus lacustris, whole Stonefly, 2 spp., whole Minnow, Phoxinus phoxinus, whole Brown trout, Salmo trutta Muscle... 

Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, fertilized eggs, continuous immersion in 92.5 Bq 137Cs/L or 185 Bq "Sr/L Brown trout, Salmo trutta Increased mortality of embryos and fry 10... 

Brittain, J.E., A. Storruste, and E. Larsen. 1991. Radiocesium in brown trout (Salmo trutta) from a subalpine lake ecosystem after the Chernobyl reactor accident. Jour. Environ. Radioactivity 14 181-191. 

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