Causes of transients

Transients are disturbances that occur for a very short duration (less than a cycle), and the electrical circuit is quickly restored to original operation provided no damage has occurred due to the transient. An electrical transient is a cause-and-effect phenomenon. For transients to occur, there must be a cause. While they may be many, this section will look at some of the more common causes of transients ... 

Tada M, Esumi K, Yamageshi M et al. (1984) Reduction of prostaglandin synthesis as a possible cause of transient flow reduction in a partially constricted canine coronary artery. Mol Cell Biol 16 1137-1149 Uchida Y, Yoshimoto N, Murao S (1975) Cyclic fluctuations in coronary blood pressure and flow induced by coronary artery constriction. Jpn Heart J 16 454—464 Warltier DC, Lamping KA, Pelc LR, Gross GJ (1987) A canine model of thrombin-induced coronary artery thrombosis Effects of intracoronary streptokinase on regional myocardial blood flow, contractile function, and infarct size. J Pharmacol Meth 18 305-318... 

Epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology and causes of transient ischemic attacks and stroke Epidemiology... 

Causes of transient ischemic attack and ischemic stroke... 

Transient ischemic attacks are but one cause of transient focal neurological attacks (Box 8.1) and transient monocular blindness (Box 8.2). There is no test to confirm a TIA, and the gold standard method of diagnosis remains a thorough clinical assessment as soon as possible after the event by an experienced stroke physician, although the advent of... 

Box 8.2. Causes of transient monocular blindness (amaurosis fugax)... 

Mechanism The cause of transient radicular irritation is unclear but probably multifactorial. Several factors have been implicated (SEDA-21,130) (220,245) ... 

Differences in the manufacture of unpreserved lidocaine formulations have been postulated as a cause of transient corneal clouding in patients who were given intraocular unpreserved lidocaine 1% as an adjunct to topical anesthesia (332). Independent analysis of the lidocaine solution associated with corneal clouding found it to be hypotonic and not buffered with bicarbonate compared with the solution that did not cause corneal clouding. 

Stomatitis can sometimes be particularly harmful and has been reported as the cause of transient or permanent treatment withdrawal in 4.5 and 1.1% of 1539 patients respectively (40). However, one study did not show significant differences in the number of oral lesions or the duration or frequency of stomatitis between patients with rheumatoid arthritis taking methotrexate and those not taking methotrexate (19/51 versus 9/46), although the prevalence of ulceration was higher in the methotrexate group (41). 

Brown RDJ, Khandheria BK, Edwards WD Cardiac papillary fibroelastoma a treatable cause of transient ischemic attack and ischemic stroke detected by transesophageal echocardiography. Mayo ClinProc 1995 70 pp. 863-868. 

Dewan PA (1996) A study of the relationship between syrin-goceles and Cobb s collar. Eur Urol 30 119-124 Dhillon HK, Yeung CK, Duffy PG et al (1993) Cowper s glands cysts-a cause of transient intra-uterine bladder outflow obstruction. Fetal Diagn Ther 8 51-55 Diard F, EklOf O, Lebowitz RL et al (1981) Urethral obstruction in boys caused by prolapse of simple ureterocele. Pediatr Radiol 11 139-142... 

In this paper, we studied transient failures. We have described the causes of transient failures and protection methods against them. The description given in chapter 2 can be seen as an illustration, where transient failure come from. Also, the description of detection mechanisms in chapter 3 is a list of known mechanisms. In the fourth section we have derived a systematic approach, which consists in two steps. At the first step, the system is represented as a Markov automate, the state of which is stored using protection methods, for... 

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