Sockeye salmon

Fig. 3. Lethal temperature thresholds for aquatic species. Patterns are general for all species, but exact temperatures are species-specific, (a) Tolerance polygon of upper and lower lethal (50%) temperatures for one-week exposures of an example species (juvenile sockeye salmon) which has been held at the acclimation temperature, with more restrictive thresholds indicated as dashed lines (b) time-dependent mortaUty (50%) of an example species (juvenile chinook salmon) at temperatures above the one-week lethal threshold after hoi ding at different acclimation temperatures. The dashed line ABC indicates transition to less than 50% mortaUty at lower temperatures and coincides with the upper lethal threshold of this species tolerance polygon. Reproduced by...

Donaldson, J. R., The Phosphorous Budget of Iliaamna Lake, Alaska, as Related to the Cyclic Abundance of Sockeye Salmon, PhD Dissertation, University of Washington, Seattle (1967). 

Webb, P.W. and J.R. Brett. 1973. Effects of sublethal concentrations of sodium pentachlorophenate on growth rate, food conversion efficiency, and swimming performance in underyearling sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). Jour. Fish. Res. Board Canada 30 499-507. 

At pH 6.6, a water concentration of 1.74 pg PCP/L caused a 50% reduction in growth of yearling sockeye salmon in an 8-week test (USEPA 1986). 

Sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka 10 mg B/L, exposure in seawater for 3 weeks... 

Kreps (1981) and his associates (Akulin et al., 1969 Chebotareva, 1983), in their studies on Far East sockeye salmon, found that the fatty acid composition of lipids in the food influences not only that of the triacyl-glycerols of the fish but also the phospholipid fraction. This comprises, firstly, the phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl ethanolamine and phosphatidyl serine and, secondly, the sphingomyelin and cardiolipin. All tissues except nervous tissue were found by these workers to be strongly influenced by the composition of the food. However, the fatty acids of the brain have also been found to change according to the diet in European bass (Pagliarani et al., 1986), the proportions of phospholipid to non-phospholipid being unaffected. 

Akulin, V.N., Chebotareva, M.A. and Kreps, E.M. (1969). Fatty acids of phospholipids in the brain, muscle and liver of diadromous sockeye salmon in the freshwater and marine environment (In Russian). Zhurnal Evolutsionnoy Biokhimii i Physiologii 5, 446-456. 

Brett, J.R. (1973). Energy expenditure of sockeye salmon during sustained performance. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 30, 1799-1809. 

Brett, J.R. (1983). Life energetics of sockeye salmon Onchorynchus nerka. In Behavioral energetics the cost of survival in vertebrates (W.P. Aspey and S.I. Lustick, eds), pp. 29-63. Ohio State University Press, Columbus. 

Brett, J.R. (1986). Production energetics of a population of sockeye salmon. Canadian Journal of Zoology 64,555-564. 

Chebanov, N.G., Vamavskaya, N.V. and Vamavsky, R.S. (1983). Assessment of the spawning performance success of male sockeye salmon of different hierarchical status, using genetic-biochemical markers (In Russian). Voprosy Ikhtiologii 23,774-778. 

Franklin, C.E., Forster, M.E. and Davison, W. (1992). Plasma cortisol and osmoregulatory changes in sockeye salmon transferred to sea water. Comparison between successful and unsuccessful adaptation. Journal of Fish Biology 41,113-122. 

Idler, D.R. and Bitners, I. (1958). Biochemical studies on sockeye salmon during spawning migration. Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology 36, 793-798. 

Idler, D.R. and Clemens, W.A. (1953). The energy expenditures of Fraser River sockeye salmon during the spawning migration to Chilko and Stuart Lakes. International Pacific Salmon Fishery Commission, Progress Report, 1-80. 

Kizevetter, I.V. (1948). On the changes in the body chemical composition of sockeye salmon (In Russian). Trudy TINRO 28,28-32. 

Klyashtorin, L.B. and Smirnov, B.P. (1990). Estimation of the readiness for marine migration in cultured sockeye salmon fry (In Russian). Rybnoye Khozyaistvo 1990 (2), 42-45. 

Krogius, F.V. (1978). On the significance of genetic and ecological factors in population dynamics of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) from Lake Dalneye (In Russian). Voprosy Ikhtiologii 18,211-221. 

Natochin, Yu.V., Krayushkina, L.S. and Maslova, M.N. (1975a). Enzymatic activity in gills and kidneys and the endocrine factors of ion metabolism regulation in smolt and spawning sockeye salmon (In Russian). Voprosy Ikhtiologii 15,131-141. 

Quinn, T.P. (1988). Estimated swimming speeds of migrating adult sockeye salmon. Canadian Journal of Zoology 66,2160-2163. 

Semenchenko, N.N. (1988). Mechanisms of self-regulation of sockeye salmon population abundance (In Russian). Voprosy Ikhtiologii 28,44-52. 

Zaks, M.G. and Sokolova, M.M. (1961). On the mechanisms of adaptation to the water salinity in sockeye salmon (In Russian). Voprosy Ikhtiologii 1,331-338. 

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