Conger. J. A. and Kanungo

Conger, J. A., and Kanungo, R. N. (1988), Behavioral Dimensions of Charismatic Leadership, in Charismatic Leadership The Elusive Factor in Organizational Effectiveness, J. A. Conger and R. N. Kanungo, Eds., Jossey-Bass San Francisco. 

Conger, J. A. and Kanungo, R. N., The empowerment process Integrating theory and practice,... 

J. A. Conger and R. N. Kanungo (1988a), who describe charisma simply as an extraordinary talent for influence or leadership , question whether there is such a person as a pure charismatic leader who could be charismatic in any circumstances. Charlsmatlcs observed by researchers, they conclude, have been observed to go about transforming a situation in a special way for which they are accorded the attribute of charisma . Their summary of charismatic leaders observable behaviour discerned by research is presented in Box 3.5. 

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