High demand

Thus, chemoinformatics specialists will continue to be in high demand. This asks both for the training of chemoinformatics specialists and for incorporation of the essential features of chemoinformatics into regular chemistry - and informatics - curricula. 

Fishes in the family Salmonidae (trout and salmon) are in high demand, with the interest in salmon being greatest in developed nations. Salmon, mostiy Atiantic salmon, are produced in Canada, Chile, Norway, New Zealand, Scotiand, and the United States. Fishes in the family Cichhdae which includes several cultured species of tilapia, are reared primarily in the tropics, but have been widely introduced throughout both the developed and developing world. 

Wines may be imported for reasons at either of two extremes because they are relatively inexpensive, or because they are in high demand, and thus command a higher price. Those exported from the United States tend to be the former, and those imported, the latter, based on the data shown in Table 5. There is some market, even in countries that are overproducing wine, for wines with exotic labels. This tendency illustrates another way in which wines differ from other products. Information on and cuisine from foreign countries associated with their wines serve as the vehicles for a form of a cultural exchange, besides the stricdy commercial one. 

High demands are placed on the substrate material of disk-shaped optical data storage devices regarding the optical, physical, chemical, mechanical, and thermal properties. In addition to these physical parameters, they have to meet special requirements regarding optical purity of the material, processing characteristics, and especially in mass production, economic characteristics (costs, processing). The question of recyclabiUty must also be tackled. 

Because of the large number of samples and repetitive nature of environmental analysis, automation is very important. Autosamplers are used for sample injection with gc and Ic systems, and data analysis is often handled automatically by user-defined macros in the data system. The high demand for the analysis of environmental samples has led to the estabUshment of contract laboratories which are supported purely by profits from the analysis. On-site monitoring of pollutants is also possible using small quadmpole ms systems fitted into mobile laboratories. 

Because sulfuric acid has its greatest use in fertilizers, trends in that industry have a significant effect on the sulfuric acid business. Owing to a weak U.S. doUar in the early 1990s and high demand for fertilizer abroad, a considerable portion of U.S. phosphate fertilizer production was exported. High fertilizer exports are expected to continue until Thkd World countries can meet thek own demands. 

Continuous chlorination of a cooling water system often seems most pmdent for microbial slime control. However, it is economically difficult to maintain a continuous free residual in some systems, especially those with process leaks. In some high demand systems it is often impossible to achieve a free residual, and a combined residual must be accepted. In addition, high chlorine feed rates, with or without high residuals, can increase system metal corrosion and tower wood decay. Supplementing with nonoxidizing antimicrobials is preferable to high chlorination rates. 

Since the above reaction is reversible, it can be used to produce either propylene or ethylene and butenes depending on relative prices. For example, when propylene is inexpensive, ethylene and butenes are produced. When ethylene is inexpensive and there is a high demand for propylene, ethylene is dimerized to butene and then the reverse reaction is utilized. A commercial plant based on the reverse reaction has been built on the Gulf Coast. 

The high depth resolution, nondestructive nature of thermal neutrons, and availability of deuterium substituted materials has brought about a proliferation in the use of neutron reflectivity in material, polymer, and biological sciences. In response to this high demand, reflectivity equipment is now available at all major neutron facilities throughout the country, be they reactor or spallation sources. 

The design eost will be a function of the incinerator cost plus installation which is normally in the range of 4 to7%. This cost should be doubled to include engineering services during project construction. It should be noted that with the electric furnace, the power needed to start up results in a large connected load. In areas of the country where there are high demand charges for electric power, this system can be economically impractical. 

The precious metals are many times the cost of the base metals and, therefore, are limited to specialized applications or to those in which process conditions are highly demanding (e.g., where conditions are too corrosive for base metals and temperatures too high for plastics where base metal contamination must be avoided, as in the food and pharmaceutical industries or where plastics cannot be used because of heat transfer requirements and for special applications such as bursting discs in pressure vessels). The physical and mechanical properties of precious metals and their alloys used in process plants are given in Table 3.38. 

The nervous system is vulnerable to attack from several directions. Neurons do not divide, and, therefore, death of a neuron always causes a permanent loss of a cell. The brain has a high demand for oxy gen. Lack of oxygen (hypoxia) rapidly causes brain damage. This manifests itself both on neurons and oligodendroglial cells. Anoxic brain damage may result from acute carbon monoxide, cyanide, and hydrogen sulfide poisonings. Carbon monoxide may also be formed in situ in the metabolism of dichloromethylene. 

When there is a very high demand on the cleanness of the air, like in the pharmaceutical industry, piston flow from the ceiling is utilized (Fig. 8.24). 

For reasons of hygiene, the filter should be replaced after the pollen and spore season in the autumn. In the case of high demand, filters can also be changed in the spring after the heating season to eliminate odorous combustion products. 

Partial enclosures are a compromise between containment and access. Most people misunderstand the function of partial enclosures. It is not possible to completely separate the interior from the surroundings with partial enclosures. Complete separation is only possible with total enclosures. The function of a partial enclosure is as dependent on the flow rate, the flow field, the working procedures, the contaminant generation process, etc. as is the function of exterior hoods. The advantage with a partial enclosure is that the physical walls diminish the possibilities for the contaminants to escape from the hood to the surroundings. Thus these hoods could be used when relatively high demands are put on the contaminant concentration outside the hood. Some of the most commonly used enclosures, such as fume cupboards and booths, are described. Many variations of these exist, e.g., enclosure of the complete process, and some of these are described here. 

Dehydrogenation of butanes is a second source of butenes. However, this source is becoming more important because isobutylene (a butene isomer) is currently highly demanded for the production of oxygenates as gasoline additives. 

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