Chitosan salmon calcitonin

Hinchcliffe, M., I. Jabbal-Gill, and A. Smith. 2005. Effect of chitosan on the intranasal absorption of salmon calcitonin in sheep. J Pharm Pharmacol 57 681. 

Fig. 8.4 Decrease in plasma calcium level as a biological response for the salmon calcitonin bioavailability in fasted rats after oral administration of chitosan minitablets ( ), chitosan/ chitosan-pepsin inhibitor conjugate minitablets ( ) and thiolated chitosan/chitosan-pepsin inhibitor conjugate minitablets (A), all containing 50 pg of the peptide drug. Indicated values are the mean results from five rats S.D. (Guggi et al. 2003)...

Calcitonin is another compound that was often incorporated into nanoparticles to enhance its oral absorption. Takeuchi et al. (2001) developed Elcato-nin-loaded PLGA nanospheres coated with chitosan, observing a reduction of blood calcium level. Sakuma et al. (2002) hypothesizes that both mucoadhesion of nanoparticles incorporating salmon calcitonin into the GI mucosa (Sakuma et al. 1999,2002) and increase in the stability of salmon calcitonin in the GI tract (Sakuma et al. 1997) result in the improvement of salmon calcitonin absorption. Moreover, chitosan-PEG nanocapsules increased the absorption of salmon calcitonin (Prego et al. 2006). 

Sinswat, P. Tengamnuay, P. Enhancing effect of chitosan on nasal absorption of salmon calcitonin in rats comparison with hydroxypropyl- and dimethyl-beta-cyclodextrins. Int. J. Pharm. 2003, 257 (1-2), 15-22. 

Tengamnuay, S. R, Mitra, A. K. (1997]. Chitosans as nasal absorption enhancers of salmon calcitonin Comparison with hydroiqrpropyl-and dimethyl-b-cyclodextrins, Pharm. Res., 14, SI 29. 

Research on oral liposomal delivery systems has moved forward with the development of polymer-modified liposomes. For example, targeted PEGylated liposomes furnished with folic acid for oral delivery were promising, showing enhanced permeability of dextran (used as a marker) across Caco-2 cell monolayers (Anderson et al., 1999). PEG and chitosan-coated lipid nanoparticles were constmcted as oral delivery systems for salmon calcitonin (sCT). The PEG-coated nanoparticles did not alter the transepithelial electrical resistance of Caco-2 cell monolayers, while the chitosan-coated nanoparticles showed a dose-dependent increase in the permeability of dextran across the monolayers (Garcia-Fuentes et al., 2005). It demonstrated that the favourable interaction of the chitosan-coated nanoparticles with intestinal mucosa, together with their permeation enhancing characteristics, could improve the oral absorption of sCT. 

Aydin Z, Akbuga J (1996) Chitosan beads for the delivery of salmon calcitonin preparation and release characteristics. Int J Pharm 131 101-103... 

Inhalable co-spray dried powders of salmon calcitonin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles with mannitol have been prepared and analyzed. Salmon calcitonin or Calcitonin (also known as thyrocalcitonin) is a 32-amino acid linear polypeptide hormone that is produced in humans primarily by the parafollicular cells (also known as C-cells) of the thyroid, and in many other animals in the ultimobranchial body. It acts to reduce blood calcium (Ca ), opposing the effects of parathyroid hormone (PTH) [118]. The... 

C. Sinsuebpol, J. Chatchawalsaisin, and Kulvanich, Preparation and in vivo absorption evaluation of spray dried powders containing salmon calcitonin loaded chitosan nanoparticles for pulmonary delivery. (1177-8881 (Electronic)). 

It was reported that in simulated gastric fluids the release profile of salmon calcitonin out of mucoadhesive tablets based on chitosan-TBA was about 87% after 3 h [59]. Over the whole observation period, a pseudo-zero-order release profile of salmon calcitonin in artificial gastric fluid was detected. Tablets exhibited good cohesiveness and released the active agent via a COTitroUed diffusion process. 

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