Marine fish

Salmon, steelhead trout, and a variety of marine fishes are currentiy being reared in net-pens (Fig. 5). The typical salmon net-pen is several meters on each side and may be as much as 10 m deep (1). Smaller units, called cages, are sometimes used by freshwater culturists. Cages tend to have volumes of no more than a few cubic meters. 

Table 5. Suggested Water Quality Conditions for Marine Fish Production Facilities ...

Thompson, E. M., Nafpakdds, B. G., and Tsuji, F. I. (1987). Induction of bioluminescence in the marine fish, Porichthys, by Vargula (crustacean) luciferin. Evidence for de novo synthesis or recycling of luciferin. Pho-tochem. Photobiol. 45 529-533. 

Powell, W.R., Bright, S., and Bello, S.M. (2000). Developmental and tissue-specific expression of AHRl, AHR2, and ARNT2 in dioxin-sensitive and -resistant populations of the marine fish—Fundulus heteroclitus. Toxicological Sciences 57, 229-239. 

Reichert, W.L., French, B.L, and Stein, J.E. et al. (1991). 32P postlabelling analysis of the persistence of bulky hydrophobic xenobiotic-DNA adducts in the liver of English sole, a marine fish. In Proceedings of the 82nd Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research, Houston, TXP, 87. 

Huang KC, SF Collins (1962) Conjugation and excretion of aminobenzoic acid isomers in marine fishes. J Cell Comp Physiol 60 49-52. 

Coleman FC, Figueira WF, Ueland JS, Crowder LB. 2004. The impact of United States recreational fisheries on marine fish populations. Science 305 1958-1960. 

Hutchings JA, Reynolds JD. 2004. Marine fish population collapses consequences for recovery and extinction risk. BioScience 54 297-309. 

RoUhus KR, Fitzgerald WF. 1995. Linkages between atmospheric mercrrry deposition and the methyhnercury content of marine fish. Water Air Soil Pollut 80 291-297. 

Aoki H. 1970. [Environmental contamination by mercury (Hg series No. 14). 3. Inorganic and organic mercury in human hair and marine fish]. Nippon Eiseigaku Zasshi 24 556-562. 

The native people of the regions of Peru and Ecuador discovered that combining local seafood with citrus juices produced a cooked fish, called a seviche, that was firm and opaque. Why are lemon juices or lime juices used to marinate fish in the preparation of seviche ... 

Korn, S. et al. (1977) The uptake, distribution and depuration of carbon-14 labelled benzene and carbon-14 labelled toluene in pacific herring. Fish Bull. Natl. Marine Fish Set 75, 633-636. 

Negilski, D.S. 1976. Acute toxicity of zinc, cadmium and chromium to the marine fishes, yellow-eye mullet (Aldrichetta forsteri C. V.) and small-mouthed hardyhead Atherinasoma microstoma Whitley). Austral. Jour. Mar. Freshwater Res. 27 137-149. 

Copper-induced cellular changes or lesions occur in kidneys, lateral line, and livers of several species of marine fishes (Gardner and LaRoche 1973). 

Roche, H. and G. Boge. 1993. Effects of Cu, Zn and Cr salts on antioxidant enzyme activities in vitro of red blood cells of a marine fish Dicentrarchus labrax. Toxicol. In Vitro 7 623-629. 

Haifa Bay, Israel, vs. reference site, 1990 England, marine fishes, near River Tyne, 1992 0.6 FW vs. 0.15 FW 59... 

Yellowtail flounder, Pleuronectes ferruginea-, New York Bight liver vs. muscle Marine fishes... 

Diet Australia marine fish muscle acceptable concentration Drinking water Less than 1.0 mg/kg FW 21... 

Sharif, A.K.M., A.I. Mustafa, M.N. Amin, and S. Safiullah. 1993. Trace element concentrations in tropical marine fish from the Bay of Bengal. Sci. Total Environ. 138 223-234. 

Fent, K. and J.J. Stegeman. 1993. Effects of tributyltin in vivo on hepatic cytochrome P-450 forms in marine fish. Aquat. Toxicol. 24 219-240. 

Taylor, D., B.G. Maddock, and G. Mance. 1985. The acute toxicity of nine grey list metals (arsenic, boron, chromium, copper, lead, nickel, tin, vanadium and zinc) to two marine fish species dab (Limanda limanda) and grey mullet (Chelon labrosus). Aquat. Toxicol. 7 135-144. 

Waterborne solutions of zinc-cadmium mixtures were usually additive in toxicity to aquatic organisms, including freshwater fishes (Skidmore 1964) and amphipods (de March 1988), and to marine fishes (Eisler and Gardner 1973), copepods (Verriopoulos and Dimas 1988), and amphipods (Ahsanullah et al. 1988). However, mixtures of zinc and cadmium were less toxic than expected to Daphnia magna, as judged by acute lethality studies (Attar and Maly 1982). 

Lead-zinc mixtures were more-than-additive in toxicity to marine copepods (Verriopoulos and Dimas 1988) and significantly delayed development of mud crab (Rithropanopeus harrissii) larvae (USEPA 1987). Lead is accumulated up to 10 times more rapidly by marine fishes at elevated zinc concentrations in seawater (Eisler 1981). 

Marine vertebrates, including fishes and elasmobranchs, have low zinc concentrations in tissues (i.e., 6 to 400 mg/kg DW) when compared to marine plants and invertebrates (Eisler 1980, 1981, 1984). Highest concentrations in muscle of marine fishes (20.1 to 25.0 mg/kg FW) were recorded in northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax) and Atlantic menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus NAS 1979). 

---