Lung disease lungs

Respiratory toxicity Upper respiratory system (nose, pharynx, larynx, and trachea) and the lower respiratory system (bronchi, bronchioles, and lung alveoli) Pulmonary irritation Asthma/bronchitis Emphysema Allergic alveolitis Fibrotic lung disease Lung cancer... 

Respiratory solute absorption Epithelial permeability <2 xm Interstitial lung disease, lung injury, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, adult respiratory distress syndrome... 

Interstitial Lung Disease Lung disease occurring in the small areas between the lungs or parts of the lung. 

Unlike other inhalational occupational lung diseases, lung changes in silicosis can often progress even after the individual is removed from the dusty environment that initiated the fibrogenic lung disease (Nozaki and Sawada 1959 Lee et al. 2001). Whilst most patients are asymptomatic initially, dyspnea on exertion and then at rest is common. A relationship between severity of dyspnea and... 

Miners, stonecutters, and others engaged in work where siliceous dust is breathed into large quantities often develop a serious lung disease known as silicosis. 

Magnesium vanadates, as vanadium compounds in general, are known irritants of the respiratory tract and conjunctiva. The threshold limit value (TLV) for vanadium compounds in air recommended by the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health is 0.05 mg/m based on a typical 8-h workday and 40-h workweek (7,147). Chronic inhalation can lead to lung diseases such as bronchitis, bronchopneumonia, and lobar pneumonia. These dust-related effects can be avoided by use of individual respirators in areas where exposure is likely. 

Inhalation of certain fine dusts may constitute a health hazard. Eor example, exposure to siUca, asbestos, and beryllium oxide dusts over a period of time results ki the potential risk of lung disease. OSHA regulations specify the allowable levels of exposure to kigestible and respkable materials. Material Safety Data Sheets, OSHA form 20, available from manufacturers, provide information about hazards, precautions, and storage pertinent to specific refractory products. 

Beryllium, beryllium-containing aUoys, and beryUium oxide ceramic in soHd or massive form present no hazard whatsoever (31). SoHd shapes may be safely handled with bare hands (32) however, care must be taken in the fabrication and processing of beryUium products to avoid inhalation of airborne beryUium particulate matter such as dusts, mists, or fumes in excess of the prescribed workplace exposure limits. Inhalation of fine airborne beryUium may cause chronic beryUium disease, a serious lung disease in certain sensitive individuals. However, the vast majority of people, perhaps as many as 99%, do not react to beryUium exposure at any level (33). The biomedical and environmental aspects of beryUium have been summarized (34). 

The Eederal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act set standards for mine ventilation, roof support, coal dust concentrations levels, mine inspections, and equipment. As a part of this comprehensive act, miners must receive medical examinations at employer expense, and payments are made from the U.S. government to miners who caimot work because of black lung disease. 

Human Odor, visibility, nasopharyngeal and eye irritation Acute respiratory disease Chronic respiratory disease, lung cancer... 

PNEUMOCONIOSIS A gi oup of lung diseases of a ehronie fibrotie eharaeter due to die inhalation and retention in die lungs of a variety of industrial dusts. The main diseases are asbestosis, silieosis, eoalworkers pneumoeoniosis and mixed-dust pneumoeoniosis less eommon pneumoeonioses are assoeiated with tale, elay or aluminium. 

MS(Bjl6 Save your breath occupational lung disease. (A guide for employers)... 

Pneumoconiosis A lung disease experienced by miners caused by industrial dust. 

No immediate symptoms, but longterm risk of chest and abdominal cancers and lung diseases. 

The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) has defined COPD as a disease state characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully... 

Robertson, B., Johansson, J., and Cur-STEDT, T. Synthetic surfactants to treat neonatal lung disease. Mol. Med. Today 2000, 6, 119-124. 

Lindell DM, Berlin AA. Schaller MA. Lukacs NW B-cell antigen presentation promotes Th2 responses and immunopathology during chronic allergic lung disease. PLoS ONE 2008 3 e3129. 

Griese M Pulmonaiy surfactant in health and human lung diseases state of the art. Eur Respir J 1999 13 l455. 

True. Tobacco smoke is considered in most countries to be the most common cause of lung diseases such as cancer and emphysema. 

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