Diseases of the Lung

Sealant Manufacturing. Most sealants use mineral-based fillers which may contain small amounts of crystalline siHca. If crystalline siHca is present, dust control is important to prevent inhalation of these particles. Crystalline siHca is a known cause of siHcosis, a debiHtating disease of the lung. Another common safety concern in sealant manufacturing is the use of flammable materials. Not all sealants use flammable ingredients, but for those that do, proper inerting and grounding are needed to prevent potential explosions. 

Shaver s disease A disease of the lungs found in workers exposed to fumes or dusts containing aluminium oxide. It is a type of pneumoconiosis and results in interstitial fibrosis and decreased lung function. 

Hypoventilation is the opposite of hyperventilation and is eharaeterized by an inability to exerete CO9 rapidly enough to meet physioiogieai needs. Hypoventilation ean be eaused by nar-eoties, sedatives, anestheties, and depressant drugs diseases of the lung also lead to hypoventilation. Hypoventilation results in respiratory acidosis, as C09(g) aeeumulates, giving rise to H9CO3, whieh dissoeiates to form H and HCOa. ... 

Antoniou KM, Ferdoutsis E, Bouros D. Interferons and their application in the diseases of the lung. Chest 2003 123(1) 209-216. 

Bronchial asthma is defined as a chronic inflammatory disease of the lungs it affects an estimated 9 to 12 million individuals in the U.S. Furthermore, its prevalence has been increasing in recent years. Asthma is characterized by reversible airway obstruction (in particular, bronchospasm), airway inflammation, and increased airway responsiveness to a variety of bronchoactive stimuli. Many factors may induce an asthmatic attack, including allergens respiratory infections hyperventilation cold air exercise various drugs and chemicals emotional upset and airborne pollutants (smog, cigarette smoke). 

Pneumonia infectious disease of the lungs that impairs breathing. 

Pneumoconiosis A chronic disease of the lungs resulting from the inhalation of various kinds of dusts. The pneumoconioses which include siderosis (iron oxide), silicosis (free silica), asbestosis (asbestos), etc., generally require a period of years for development. 

PNEUMOKONIOSES. Diseases of the lungs produced by inhalation of dusts, particularly those containing silica, asbestos and other inorganic material, or certain vegetable substances, notably sugar cane waste and raw cotton dust (brown lung). 

Perry KMA. 1947. Diseases of the lung resulting from occupational dusts other than silica. Thorax 2 91-120. 

The effects of these aerosols on human health have been widely studied. Inevitably, humans inhale aerosols during a normal day. Depending on the size and type of aerosol, this inhalation can have harmful effects on health. Asthma, lung cancer, and other diseases of the lungs and airways have been linked to the harmful inhalation of aerosols. 

Sarcoidosis and Other Granulomatous Diseases of the Lung, edited by B. L. Fanburg... 

MERCURIALIS SIEVA, MERCURIAL CRUDENESS — Water of Alum Wherein Mercury is generated. It is also a Purging Salt of a golden colour, found in salt caves, best known to diggers. It is often drunk for pneumonia, a disease of the lungs. 

Becklake MR. 1976. Asbestos-related disease of the lung and other organs Their epidemiology and implications for clinical practice. Am Rev Resp Dis 114 187-227. 

Craighead JE, Abraham JE, Churg A, et al. 1982. The pathology of asbestos-associated diseases of the lungs and pleural cavities Diagnostic criteria and proposed grading schema. Arch Pathol Lab Med 106 544-597. 

Silicon toxicity is virtually limited to occupational exposure to silicon compounds e.g. miners, sandblasters, bricklayers, pottery workers in which inhalation of the compounds has been associated with the diseases of the lung. The later being evidenced by nodule formation and acute silicosis, mixed dust fibrosis and diatomite pneumoconiosis. 

Observe normal precautions appropriate to the circumstances and quantity of material handled. The chronic inhalation of kaolin dust can cause diseases of the lung (silicosis or kaolinosis). Eye protection and a dust mask are recommended. In the UK, the long-term (8-hour TWA) exposure limit for kaolin respirable dust is 2 mg/m. " ... 

Disease of the lung characterized by abnormal dilution of Hs air spaces and distension of its walls. Frequently, heart action is impaired. 

Pepys, J. (1969). Hypersensitivity disease of the lungs due to fungi and other organic dusts. Monogr. Allergy 4, 1-145. 

Factors that also govern the therapeutic effect are the anatomy and physiology of the individual and diseases of the lung. These are uncontrollable variables that are important to be aware of. The lung divides dichotomously over 23 generations until it reaches the alveolar sacs. There are 300 million of these covering more than 140 m2. The conducting airways are covered with smooth muscle and are... 

In recent years, many new tests have been developed to assess pulmonary function in man. Here are presented the general principles, methodology, and clinical significance of the major lung function tests used in the diagnosis of obstructive and restrictive lung diseases. Obstructive diseases of the lung... 

A second way of looking at forced expiration is with a maximum expiratory flow-volume (MEFV) curve, which describes maximum flow as a function of lung volume during a forced expiration (Fig. 12). In healthy human subjects, flow rates or flow-volume curves reach a maximum and will not increase with additional effort after the lungs have emptied 20-30% of their volume (Fry and Hyatt, 1960). This phenomenon of flow limitation is due to airway compression over most of the lung volume. Thus, flow rate is independent of effort and is determined by the elastic recoil force of the lung and the resistance of the airways upstream of the collapse point. In obstructive diseases of the lung this curve is shifted to the left, whereas restrictive diseases shift the curve in the opposite direction (also shown in Fig. 12). 

Asthma is among the more common obstructive diseases of the lung. Nearly 3% of the population of the United States alone has some form of asthma. A number of excellent reviews (McFadden and Austen, 1983 Wilson and McPhillips, 1978 and McFadden and Feldman, 1977) and books... 

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